Humans are social creatures. Our social interactions take place within a spatial context which could be physical or virtual. While technology has made it possible to experience a parallel world, a cyberspace, in which numerous social interactions take place almost entirely independently of the physical space, our social needs still rely heavily on our location. In other words, while the use of the so-called social media might be arguably similar in different parts of the world, people’s social lives are not. Two locations being different, means they not only offer different levels and/or forms of social life but – for a series of formal or informal reasons - they can also favor or prevent participation to the society. That is to say besides what a spatial form such as a city makes available in terms of social possibilities, it is important to find out how accessible they are to every citizen. This thesis consists of three main parts: part I: The study part II: The context part III: The Project In the first part, the study, the goal is to obtain an understanding of the term Social Inclusion, identifying the ways architecture promotes or prevents it and acknowledging the inclusive approaches in the field of architecture/urban planning. To start the discussion and also to push forward the argument, the following questions have been quintessential: What is social inclusion? What are the main generators/promoters of social exclusion? Who is at a higher risk of social exclusion? What is the role of physical space? Social inclusion, is often defined with its opposite, social exclusion. What causes social exclusion, can vary widely. This research briefly looks into the reasons and after recognizing the main causes, looks into the question of who; a fundamental question which can establish the connection between the social and spatial concepts. While from a social point of view, we look for anyone who, in one way or another, has been/is/will be subject to social exclusion in the cities, from a spatial point of view, we consider them among the main targets of the future architecture project. Moving forward to the middle of the chapter, the effort shifts from defining the questions and finding the targets to looking for the new roles and redistribution of power between the user and the decision maker. It is clear that the problem of social exclusion cannot be addressed using the same tools that have caused or promoted the issue in the first place. New approaches must be adapted. For example the architect according to Giancarlo De Carlo should come to the side of the people and encourage participation and engagement of the community from the very beginning of the process. Architecture must no longer be considered a product to be delivered to the customer once fully completed, but should develop over time through a collaboration between the architect and the user. The chapter is concluded by the analysis of several case studies from the last two centuries. The idea is to find a bridge between the theories of inclusion and the implementation of them throughout time. At the end, four tools are introduced using which it is possible to ensure the inclusion of the targets in various stages of the design process. The same tools will be used to comment on the project presented in the third chapter. After acknowledging and investigating the role of architecture in social inclusion, it is time to put that into practice. In part II, the context of the project is discussed and explained. While the traditional analysis of the context, is usually brief and consists mainly of the physical and numerical analysis with little or no regard for the social nature of the context, here the effort has been made to include the social aspect and engagement of the residents of the neighborhood. In fact dedicating one whole chapter to this phase, proves the importance of considering analysis as a process and not a simplistic data collecting step. Due to the lock-down situation in Milan caused by the spread of covid-19, the engagement of the community was done through Online means. The last third of the thesis is dedicated to the development of the project in urban scale. Palazzine Liberty on Viale Molise are six buildings of the 30s that have been abandoned for quite a long time. Since the overall social life of the district is at stake for various reasons such as unfulfilled architecture and urban projects, Palazzine Liberty could be the great chance to bring the whole neighborhood back to life. The approach has been to enhance social inclusion using the four points introduced in the first chapter: participation of people, diversity of users, diversity of functions and management and maintenance.
Gli esseri umani sono creature sociali. Le nostre interazioni sociali si svolgono in un contesto spaziale che potrebbe essere fisico o virtuale. Mentre la tecnologia ha permesso di sperimentare un mondo parallelo, un cyberspazio, in cui numerose interazioni sociali si svolgono quasi interamente indipendentemente dallo spazio fisico, i nostri bisogni sociali continuano a fare molto affidamento sulla nostra posizione. In altre parole, mentre l'uso dei cosiddetti social media potrebbe essere probabilmente simile in diverse parti del mondo, le vite sociali delle persone non lo sono. Due posizioni diverse, significa che non solo offrono livelli e / o forme diversi di vita sociale ma - per una serie di ragioni formali o informali - possono anche favorire o impedire la partecipazione alla società. Vale a dire oltre a ciò che una forma spaziale come una città mette a disposizione in termini di possibilità sociali, è importante scoprire quanto sono accessibili a tutti i cittadini. Questa tesi si compone di tre parti principali: parte I: lo studio parte II: il contesto parte III: il progetto Nella prima parte, lo studio, l'obiettivo è ottenere una comprensione del termine inclusione sociale, identificando i modi in cui l'architettura lo promuove o lo impedisce e riconoscendo gli approcci inclusivi nel campo dell'architettura / pianificazione urbana. Per iniziare la discussione e anche per far avanzare l'argomento, le seguenti domande sono state per antonomasia: Che cos'è l'inclusione sociale? Quali sono i principali generatori / promotori dell'esclusione sociale? Chi è a maggior rischio di esclusione sociale? Qual è il ruolo dello spazio fisico? L'inclusione sociale è spesso definita con il suo opposto, l'esclusione sociale. Ciò che provoca l'esclusione sociale può variare ampiamente. Questa ricerca esamina brevemente le ragioni e, dopo aver riconosciuto le cause principali, esamina la questione di chi; una domanda fondamentale che può stabilire la connessione tra i concetti sociali e spaziali. Mentre da un punto di vista sociale, cerchiamo chiunque, in un modo o nell'altro, sia stato / sia / sarà soggetto all'esclusione sociale nelle città, da un punto di vista spaziale, li consideriamo tra i principali obiettivi di il futuro progetto di architettura. Passando alla metà del capitolo, lo sforzo si sposta dalla definizione delle domande e dalla ricerca degli obiettivi alla ricerca di nuovi ruoli e ridistribuzione del potere tra l'utente e il decisore. È chiaro che il problema dell'esclusione sociale non può essere affrontato utilizzando gli stessi strumenti che hanno causato o promosso il problema in primo luogo. Nuovi approcci devono essere adattati. Ad esempio, l'architetto secondo Giancarlo De Carlo dovrebbe venire dalla parte della gente e incoraggiare la partecipazione e l'impegno della comunità sin dall'inizio del processo. L'architettura non deve più essere considerata un prodotto da consegnare al cliente una volta completata, ma dovrebbe svilupparsi nel tempo attraverso una collaborazione tra l'architetto e l'utente. Il capitolo si conclude con l'analisi di numerosi casi studio degli ultimi due secoli. L'idea è quella di trovare un ponte tra le teorie dell'inclusione e la loro attuazione nel tempo. Alla fine, vengono introdotti quattro strumenti che consentono di garantire l'inclusione degli obiettivi in varie fasi del processo di progettazione. Gli stessi strumenti saranno utilizzati per commentare il progetto presentato nel terzo capitolo. Dopo aver riconosciuto e indagato il ruolo dell'architettura nell'inclusione sociale, è tempo di metterlo in pratica. Nella parte II, il contesto del progetto è discusso e spiegato. Mentre l'analisi tradizionale del contesto, di solito è breve e consiste principalmente nell'analisi fisica e numerica con poca o nessuna considerazione per la natura sociale del contesto, qui è stato fatto uno sforzo per includere l'aspetto sociale e l'impegno dei residenti di il vicinato. Dedicare infatti un intero capitolo a questa fase, dimostra l'importanza di considerare l'analisi come un processo e non come una semplice fase di raccolta dei dati. A causa della situazione di blocco a Milano causata dalla diffusione di covid-19, l'impegno della comunità è stato fatto con mezzi online. L'ultimo terzo della tesi è dedicato allo sviluppo del progetto su scala urbana. Le Palazzine Liberty su Viale Molise sono sei edifici degli anni '30 che sono stati abbandonati per molto tempo. Dal momento che la vita sociale generale del distretto è in pericolo per vari motivi come l'architettura incompleta e i progetti urbani, Palazzine Liberty potrebbe essere la grande opportunità per riportare in vita l'intero quartiere. L'approccio è stato quello di migliorare l'inclusione sociale utilizzando i quattro punti introdotti nel primo capitolo: partecipazione delle persone, diversità degli utenti, diversità delle funzioni, gestione e manutenzione.
Social inclusion through architecture
Rezaei, Mahboobeh
2019/2020
Abstract
Humans are social creatures. Our social interactions take place within a spatial context which could be physical or virtual. While technology has made it possible to experience a parallel world, a cyberspace, in which numerous social interactions take place almost entirely independently of the physical space, our social needs still rely heavily on our location. In other words, while the use of the so-called social media might be arguably similar in different parts of the world, people’s social lives are not. Two locations being different, means they not only offer different levels and/or forms of social life but – for a series of formal or informal reasons - they can also favor or prevent participation to the society. That is to say besides what a spatial form such as a city makes available in terms of social possibilities, it is important to find out how accessible they are to every citizen. This thesis consists of three main parts: part I: The study part II: The context part III: The Project In the first part, the study, the goal is to obtain an understanding of the term Social Inclusion, identifying the ways architecture promotes or prevents it and acknowledging the inclusive approaches in the field of architecture/urban planning. To start the discussion and also to push forward the argument, the following questions have been quintessential: What is social inclusion? What are the main generators/promoters of social exclusion? Who is at a higher risk of social exclusion? What is the role of physical space? Social inclusion, is often defined with its opposite, social exclusion. What causes social exclusion, can vary widely. This research briefly looks into the reasons and after recognizing the main causes, looks into the question of who; a fundamental question which can establish the connection between the social and spatial concepts. While from a social point of view, we look for anyone who, in one way or another, has been/is/will be subject to social exclusion in the cities, from a spatial point of view, we consider them among the main targets of the future architecture project. Moving forward to the middle of the chapter, the effort shifts from defining the questions and finding the targets to looking for the new roles and redistribution of power between the user and the decision maker. It is clear that the problem of social exclusion cannot be addressed using the same tools that have caused or promoted the issue in the first place. New approaches must be adapted. For example the architect according to Giancarlo De Carlo should come to the side of the people and encourage participation and engagement of the community from the very beginning of the process. Architecture must no longer be considered a product to be delivered to the customer once fully completed, but should develop over time through a collaboration between the architect and the user. The chapter is concluded by the analysis of several case studies from the last two centuries. The idea is to find a bridge between the theories of inclusion and the implementation of them throughout time. At the end, four tools are introduced using which it is possible to ensure the inclusion of the targets in various stages of the design process. The same tools will be used to comment on the project presented in the third chapter. After acknowledging and investigating the role of architecture in social inclusion, it is time to put that into practice. In part II, the context of the project is discussed and explained. While the traditional analysis of the context, is usually brief and consists mainly of the physical and numerical analysis with little or no regard for the social nature of the context, here the effort has been made to include the social aspect and engagement of the residents of the neighborhood. In fact dedicating one whole chapter to this phase, proves the importance of considering analysis as a process and not a simplistic data collecting step. Due to the lock-down situation in Milan caused by the spread of covid-19, the engagement of the community was done through Online means. The last third of the thesis is dedicated to the development of the project in urban scale. Palazzine Liberty on Viale Molise are six buildings of the 30s that have been abandoned for quite a long time. Since the overall social life of the district is at stake for various reasons such as unfulfilled architecture and urban projects, Palazzine Liberty could be the great chance to bring the whole neighborhood back to life. The approach has been to enhance social inclusion using the four points introduced in the first chapter: participation of people, diversity of users, diversity of functions and management and maintenance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: This thesis includes a research on the issue of social inclusion and tries to find out how architecture is able to respond to it.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/167161