Thanks to its exceptional mechanical characteristics and its corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, titanium is one of the most used and studied metals. Its properties make it suitable for use in the industrial, aerospace, health, food, and chemical fields. In chapter 1 its characteristics and the characteristics of its oxide, which guarantees its high resistance to corrosion, have been reported. The main forms of corrosion, to which titanium is subjected, are also reported. In chapter 2 the surface treatments, which are mostly used for this metal to improve its properties (especially corrosion resistance), are exposed. The most thorough treatment, and object of study in this thesis, is anodizing. For this reason, all the ways in which the treatment is carried out, and the action of the various parameters (current, voltage, frequency, electrolyte etc ...) influencing the growth of the oxide, have been reported. In chapter 3 the various oxide characterization tests, subsequently used in this study, have been reported. The samples tested in this research underwent pulsed anodizing with a final potential of 160 V. Each anodization was carried out with two different frequency values: 20 Hz and 1000 Hz. During each anodization the voltage and current were measured. Subsequently, the anodized samples were subjected to an immersion test, from which the corrosion rate could be obtained. The specimens that demonstrated high resistance to corrosion were subjected to a cathodic potentiodynamic test to analyze their behavior at negative potentials, to an X-ray analysis (XRD) to study their structure, and to the electron microscope analysis (SEM) to study their morphology. From the images obtained, through ImageJ, it was possible to analyze the size of the pores and the density of surface porosity: useful characteristics to understand the action of the duty cycle on the growth and morphology of the oxide. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed on chosen specimens to understand the structure of their oxide and their thickness trend in acidic solution. From the results obtained, duty cycles, that allow to obtain a good quality oxide with excellent resistance to corrosion in sulphuric acid environment, have been discovered. Future studies, aimed at understanding in depth the effect of each electrochemical parameter on the oxide, will be necessary to improve this process and the quality of the coating formed.
Grazie alle sue eccezionali caratteristiche meccaniche e alla sua resistenza a corrosione in ambienti aggressivi, il titanio è uno dei metalli più usati e studiati. Le sue proprietà lo rendono idoneo all’utilizzo in campo industriale, aerospaziale, sanitario, alimentare, e chimico. Nel capitolo 1 sono state riportate le sue caratteristiche e le caratteristiche del suo ossido, che garantisce la sua alta resistenza a corrosione. Vengono riportate anche le principali forme di corrosione a cui è soggetto. Nel capitolo 2 vengono esposti i trattamenti superficiali, che sono maggiormente utilizzati per questo metallo, per migliorare le sue proprietà, specialmente quella di resistenza a corrosione. Il trattemento più approfondito, e oggetto di studio in questa tesi, è l’anodizzazione. Per questo, sono state riportate tutte le modalità con cui viene effettuato il trattamento, e l’influenza dei vari parametri (corrente, voltaggio, frequenza, elettrolita etc...) sulla crescita dell’ossido. Nel capitolo 3 sono stati riportati i vari test di caratterizzazione dell’ossido, successivamente utilizzati in questo studio. I campioni testati in questa ricerca hanno subito un’anodizzazione pulsata con un potenziale finale di 160 V. Ogni anodizzazione è stata eseguita con due valori differenti di frequenza, 20 Hz e 1000 Hz. Durante ogni anodizzazione sono stati misurati il voltaggio e la corrente. Successivamente i campioni anodizzati sono stati sottoposti ad un test ad immersione, dal quale si è potuta ottenere la velocità di corrosione. I provini che hanno dimostrato un’alta resistenza alla corrosione sono stati sottoposti a un test potenziodinamico catodico per analizzare il loro comportamento a potenziali negativi, ad un’analisi ai raggi X (XRD) per studiare le fasi presenti. La morfologia, invece, è stata investigata tramite microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM). Dalle immagini ottenute, tramite ImageJ, è stato possibile analizzare la dimensione dei pori e la densità di porosità superficiale: caratteristiche utili a comprendere l’azione del duty cicle sulla crescita e sulla morfologia dell’ossido. Infine, test di spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica (EIS) sono stati eseguiti su provini scelti per comprendere la struttura del loro ossido e l’andamento del suo spessore in soluzione acida. Dai risultati ottenuti sono stati scoperti duty cycle che permettono di ottenere un ossido di buona qualità con un’ottima resistenza alla corrosione in ambiente acido contenente solfuri. Studi futuri, volti a comprendere in profondità l’effetto di ogni parametro elettrochimico sull’ossido, saranno necessari per migliorare questo processo e la qualità del coating formato.
PEO treatments on CP titanium in 0.5 M sulphuric acid using hybrid duty cycles
Bisogni, Matteo
2019/2020
Abstract
Thanks to its exceptional mechanical characteristics and its corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, titanium is one of the most used and studied metals. Its properties make it suitable for use in the industrial, aerospace, health, food, and chemical fields. In chapter 1 its characteristics and the characteristics of its oxide, which guarantees its high resistance to corrosion, have been reported. The main forms of corrosion, to which titanium is subjected, are also reported. In chapter 2 the surface treatments, which are mostly used for this metal to improve its properties (especially corrosion resistance), are exposed. The most thorough treatment, and object of study in this thesis, is anodizing. For this reason, all the ways in which the treatment is carried out, and the action of the various parameters (current, voltage, frequency, electrolyte etc ...) influencing the growth of the oxide, have been reported. In chapter 3 the various oxide characterization tests, subsequently used in this study, have been reported. The samples tested in this research underwent pulsed anodizing with a final potential of 160 V. Each anodization was carried out with two different frequency values: 20 Hz and 1000 Hz. During each anodization the voltage and current were measured. Subsequently, the anodized samples were subjected to an immersion test, from which the corrosion rate could be obtained. The specimens that demonstrated high resistance to corrosion were subjected to a cathodic potentiodynamic test to analyze their behavior at negative potentials, to an X-ray analysis (XRD) to study their structure, and to the electron microscope analysis (SEM) to study their morphology. From the images obtained, through ImageJ, it was possible to analyze the size of the pores and the density of surface porosity: useful characteristics to understand the action of the duty cycle on the growth and morphology of the oxide. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed on chosen specimens to understand the structure of their oxide and their thickness trend in acidic solution. From the results obtained, duty cycles, that allow to obtain a good quality oxide with excellent resistance to corrosion in sulphuric acid environment, have been discovered. Future studies, aimed at understanding in depth the effect of each electrochemical parameter on the oxide, will be necessary to improve this process and the quality of the coating formed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/167284