This study was born from the collaboration between the UNESCO Chair in Energy for Sustainable Development of Politecnico di Milano and Luces Nuevas, a Spanish Non-Governmental Organization operating in Bolivia in promoting rural electrification projects with the aim of contributing to achieving the goal of Universal Access to Energy that Bolivia has planned to achieve by 2025. The case study is based on the techno-economic evaluation of a rural electrification project in the municipality of Omereque, where eleven rural communities lack access to the national electricity grid. The purpose of this work is focused on the development of an integrated energy modeling framework approach, derived from the vertical integration of multiple open-source tools, capable of condensing and enhancing the peculiar aspects of different energy models such as refinement of energy and techno-economic analysis, the ability to work with large amounts of data on a large scale and with a long time horizon. The proposed methodology is aimed at developing an optimal electrification strategy for rural contexts, minimizing costs through the use of the best possible technology mix among the technologies defined in input. In particular, focusing on technologies necessary to expand existing grid and design of a minigrid, paying attention to the evaluation of the optimal path of the distribution system on a small-scale level. The framework was then validated through application to the case study following a logical iter of objectives. The first objective was to estimate the future electricity demand of rural communities through the analysis of questionnaires for the estimation of consumption, the data extracted from the surveys were then processed using a software for the estimation of load curves in rural contexts developed by the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano. The second goal was to design a range of stand-alone energy production technologies adaptable to the case study, and specifically modeled on the previously processed data. The third objective concerred the implementation of the aforementioned technologies in a multinodal and multiscale energy model, capable of receiving georeferenced data inputs through which it was possible to define a further technology for the expansion of the electricity network or the construction of a minigrids. The model was then applied to the study of different scenarios based on the variation of electricity demand. The results obtained were used to outline a desirable general framework of action for the electrification of the area of interest, in order to reduce costs and increase the impact of the project.
Questo studio nasce dalla collaborazione tra la Cattedra UNESCO di energia per lo sviluppo sostenibile del politecnico di Milano e Luces Nuevas, Organizzazione Non-Governativa Spagnola operante in Bolivia nel promuovere progetti di elettrificazione rurale con lo scopo di contribuire a raggiungere l’obbiettivo di Universal Access to Energy che la Bolivia ha previsto di raggiungere entro il 2025. Il case study è basato sulla valutazione tecno-economica di un progetto di elettrificazione rurale nella municipalità di Omereque, dove sono presenti undici comunità rurali senza accesso alla rete elettrica nazionale. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è incentrato sullo sviluppo di una metodologia di modellazione energetica integrativa, derivata dall’ integrazione verticale di più tools open-source, in grado di condensare e valorizzare gli aspetti peculiari di diversi modelli energetici quali raffinatezza dell’analisi energetica e tecno-economica, la capacità di lavorare con grandi quantità di dati su vasta scala e ad ampio orizzonte temporale. La metodologia proposta è volta ad elaborare una strategia di elettrificazione ottimale per contesti rurali, minimizzando i costi attraverso l’impiego del miglior mix tecnologico possibile tra le tecnologie definite in input. In particolare, attraverso questo approccio si vuole definire una metodologia che abbia come punto di forza la capacità di valutare la possibilità di espansione di una rete elettrica preesistente o la costruzione di una mini-rete, prestando attenzione alla valutazione del percorso ottimale del sistema di distribuzione su piccola scala. Il framework è poi stato validato attraverso l’applicazione al case study seguendo un iter logico di obbiettivi. Il primo obiettivo è stato quello di stimare la domanda futura di energia elettrica delle comunità rurali attraverso l’analisi di questionari per la stima dei consumi, i dati estratti dai questionari sono poi stati elaborati utilizzando un software per la stima di curve di carico in contesti rurali sviluppato dal Dipartimento di Energia del Politecnico di Milano. Il secondo obbiettivo è stato quello di dimensionare un ventaglio di tecnologie stand-alone di produzione di energia adattabili al case study, e specificatamente modellate sui dati precedentemente elaborati. Il terzo obbiettivo ha riguardato l’implementazione delle suddette tecnologie in un modello energetico multi-nodale e multi-scala, in grado di accogliere in input dati georeferenziati attraverso i quali è stato possibile definire un’ulteriore tecnologia di espansione della rete elettrica o la costruzione di una minirete. Il modello costruito è poi stato applicato allo studio di diversi scenari basati sulla variazione della domanda elettrica. I risultati ottenuti sono stati utilizzati per delineare un auspicabile quadro generale d’ azione per l’elettrificazione dell’area d’ interesse, al fine di ridurre i costi e aumentare l’impatto del progetto.
An integrated energy modelling approach to evaluate least cost electrification pathways in rural communities. The case study of Omereque in central Bolivia
Martinalli, Sebastiano
2019/2020
Abstract
This study was born from the collaboration between the UNESCO Chair in Energy for Sustainable Development of Politecnico di Milano and Luces Nuevas, a Spanish Non-Governmental Organization operating in Bolivia in promoting rural electrification projects with the aim of contributing to achieving the goal of Universal Access to Energy that Bolivia has planned to achieve by 2025. The case study is based on the techno-economic evaluation of a rural electrification project in the municipality of Omereque, where eleven rural communities lack access to the national electricity grid. The purpose of this work is focused on the development of an integrated energy modeling framework approach, derived from the vertical integration of multiple open-source tools, capable of condensing and enhancing the peculiar aspects of different energy models such as refinement of energy and techno-economic analysis, the ability to work with large amounts of data on a large scale and with a long time horizon. The proposed methodology is aimed at developing an optimal electrification strategy for rural contexts, minimizing costs through the use of the best possible technology mix among the technologies defined in input. In particular, focusing on technologies necessary to expand existing grid and design of a minigrid, paying attention to the evaluation of the optimal path of the distribution system on a small-scale level. The framework was then validated through application to the case study following a logical iter of objectives. The first objective was to estimate the future electricity demand of rural communities through the analysis of questionnaires for the estimation of consumption, the data extracted from the surveys were then processed using a software for the estimation of load curves in rural contexts developed by the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano. The second goal was to design a range of stand-alone energy production technologies adaptable to the case study, and specifically modeled on the previously processed data. The third objective concerred the implementation of the aforementioned technologies in a multinodal and multiscale energy model, capable of receiving georeferenced data inputs through which it was possible to define a further technology for the expansion of the electricity network or the construction of a minigrids. The model was then applied to the study of different scenarios based on the variation of electricity demand. The results obtained were used to outline a desirable general framework of action for the electrification of the area of interest, in order to reduce costs and increase the impact of the project.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Sebastiano Martinalli Thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/169636