The demand for new systems of transportation which could be suitable for movements in metropolitan areas and also with a low environmental impact, has pushed the aerospace industries towards new electrical powered VTOL, called eVTOL. Such vehicles are characterised by the presence of multiple propellers in close proximity and this poses new challenges in the development of their aerodynamic. In particular, the rotor-rotor aerody- namic interaction for these kind of vehicles is a relatively new field which also requests new research techniques. This thesis work aims to understand the fundamental effects of the interactions between propellers in typical eVTOL configurations. For this purpose, a series of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations have been performed on the two most relevant types of rotor-rotor interactions: the side and tandem ones. The simulations have been per- formed through a mid-fidelity VPM based code: DUST. The performances of the the interacting propellers have been compared with the isolated rotor, and the flow field visualisations have been obtained in order to have a deeper vision of the physic of the problems. Results have confirmed the importance to study such aerodynamic interactions. In fact, in side interaction high fluctuations in the developed loads have been found. Furthermore, due to the tandem interaction the rear rotor performances have been demonstrate to undergo to huge decreases as the degree of overlap between propeller disks increase. So, the results of this work can be considered as a basis for the investigation and design of the full eVTOL aerodynamic.
La richiesta di nuovi sistemi di trasporto adatti a spostamenti in aree metropolitane e anche a basso impatto ambientale, ha spinto le industrie aerospaziali verso nuovi VTOL alimentati elettricamente, denominati eVTOL. Tali veicoli sono caratterizzati dalla presenza di più rotori in stretta vicinanza e questo pone nuove sfide nello sviluppo della loro aerodinamica. In particolare, l'interazione aerodinamica rotore-rotore per questo tipo di veicoli è un campo relativamente nuovo che richiede anche nuove tecniche di ricerca. Questo lavoro di tesi mira a comprendere gli effetti fondamentali delle interazioni tra rotori in configurazioni tipiche di eVTOL. A tal fine sono state eseguite una serie di prove in galleria del vento e simulazioni numeriche sui due tipi più rilevanti di interazioni rotore-rotore: quella side e quella tandem. Le simulazioni sono state eseguite tramite un codice basato su VPM mid-fidelity: DUST. Le prestazioni conseguite dalle interazioni sono state confrontate con quelle del rotore isolato e sono state ottenute le visualizzazioni dei campi di flusso per avere una visione più approfondita della fisica dei problemi. I risultati hanno confermato l'importanza di studiare tali interazioni aerodinamiche. Infatti, nell'interazione side sono state riscontrate elevate fluttuazioni dei carichi sviluppati. Inoltre, a causa dell'interazione tandem, le prestazioni del rotore posteriore hanno dimostrato di subire enormi riduzioni all'aumentare del grado di sovrapposizione laterale. Quindi, i risultati di questo lavoro possono essere considerati come base per lo studio e la progettazione dell'aerodinamica eVTOL completa.
Rotor-rotor aerodynamic interactions for eVTOL aircraft configurations
Piccinini, Riccardo
2019/2020
Abstract
The demand for new systems of transportation which could be suitable for movements in metropolitan areas and also with a low environmental impact, has pushed the aerospace industries towards new electrical powered VTOL, called eVTOL. Such vehicles are characterised by the presence of multiple propellers in close proximity and this poses new challenges in the development of their aerodynamic. In particular, the rotor-rotor aerody- namic interaction for these kind of vehicles is a relatively new field which also requests new research techniques. This thesis work aims to understand the fundamental effects of the interactions between propellers in typical eVTOL configurations. For this purpose, a series of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations have been performed on the two most relevant types of rotor-rotor interactions: the side and tandem ones. The simulations have been per- formed through a mid-fidelity VPM based code: DUST. The performances of the the interacting propellers have been compared with the isolated rotor, and the flow field visualisations have been obtained in order to have a deeper vision of the physic of the problems. Results have confirmed the importance to study such aerodynamic interactions. In fact, in side interaction high fluctuations in the developed loads have been found. Furthermore, due to the tandem interaction the rear rotor performances have been demonstrate to undergo to huge decreases as the degree of overlap between propeller disks increase. So, the results of this work can be considered as a basis for the investigation and design of the full eVTOL aerodynamic.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Rotor-Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions for eVTOL Aircraft Configurations.pdf
Open Access dal 20/11/2021
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/169823