Worldwide, people’s life expectancy rises, the birth rate decreases, while the rate of chronic, non-communicable diseases dramatically boosts. There is an increasing need for patients to receive care within their treatments. Usually, this role falls on family members, who find themselves having a new role either predictably or not. They become family caregivers. The caregivers’ figure implies multiple duties, for which people are unprepared; besides, the entire situation impacts their personal lives because the previous orders suffer unforeseen changes. As a result, family caregivers undergo vast physical, emotional, financial burdens, become victims of circumstances, and need assistance. Specifically in China, given the Confucianist values such as filial piety, family caregivers tend to immerse into the caregiving role fully. Besides cultural duties, Chinese caregivers are legally obliged to care for their sick family members. Given this, the function of family caregivers needs to be urgently addressed. Chinese Government points out the complex problems of its healthcare system. It suffers from disintegrated collaboration mechanisms, and lack of communication between diverse health providers, scarcity of services and certified human resources. As the solution strategy to these problems, in the Healthy China 2030 policy multiple objectives were proposed among which, human-centeredness is prioritized. Despite that the policy does not mention planned interventions for family caregivers, the Government comprehends this category of people as a target. Thus, there is a stringent need for an intervention to support family caregivers. Within this project, I have conducted extensive field methodology and desk research. The chosen service system design framework facilitated discovering the intrinsic issues of the healthcare system, family caregivers, and the potential areas for a design intervention. Consequently, after participatory project development and healthcare system representatives and family caregivers, multiple issues were identified, such as lack of knowledge of how to provide care, need for peer support and activities, social life, and social recognition. Accordingly, the author has conceived the service system proposal. The idea illustrates how Shanghainese family caregivers can be supported by being provided with medical knowledge, activities and being part of a community. The proposed design intervention nurtures people’s potential in neighborhoods as volunteers, organizing activities, and educating citizens as professional care-workers to facilitate caregivers’ possibilities for respites. The organization creates space for people to meet and build trustful relationships, enhance community resilience, and it will be the first step of the long-term project, which could people support caregivers based on established relationships. Besides, considering that the Chinese culture prerequisites of sacrifice and filial piety, the project also aims to raise awareness of the importance of balancing a person’s roles as a caregiver and an individual. The reasoning is that the quality of provided care directly depends on the quality of life of an individual. Reflectively, the Confucianist term of balance, and humaneness serve as a backbone of the service idea. As a result, the author proposed the “Rituals. Balanced Care Centre,” which could be one of the key element of the intervention system within the Chinese healthcare system.
L’aspettativa di vita si alza in tutto il mondo, il tasso di natalità diminuisce e nel frattempo i tassi delle malattie croniche e non trasmissibili aumentano drasticamente. C’è un crescente bisogno per pazienti di ricevere cure nell’ambito dei loro trattamenti. Di solito tale ruolo ricade sulle spalle dei familiari che si trovano in un ruolo totalmente nuovo, com’era prevedibile oppure no. Tuttavia, la figura di un badante implica molteplici responsabilità per cui la gente non è preparata. Inoltre tutta la situazione ha un impatto sulla loro vita privata perché gli ordini precedenti soffrono i cambiamenti imprevisti. E di conseguenza, i caregiver familiari sono sottoposti a grandi oneri fisici, emozionali e finanziari, diventano le vittime di circostanze e hanno bisogno di assistenza. In particolare i caregiver familiari cinesi tendono a immergere nel ruolo del badante totalmente a causa del confucianesimo e la pietà filiale. Oltre le responsabilità culturali, i badanti cinesi sono legalmente obbligati a prendersi cura dei loro familiari malati. Considerato questo il problema dei caregiver familiari debba essere affrontato con urgenza. Il governo cinese riconosce il problema complesso del sistema sanitario come per esempio i meccanismi disintegrati, mancanza della comunicazione fra gli operatori sanitari, scarsità di servizi, risorse umane certificate e tre classi degli ospedali. Molteplici obiettivi sono stati fissati nella strategia Healthy China 2030 e tra di loro il principio dell’orientamento all’utente. Nonostante la strategia non menziona gli interventi pianificati per i caregiver familiari, il governo identifica questa categoria della gente come un target. In tal modo occorre un’esigenza rigorosa dell’intervento per sostenere i caregiver familiari. Nell’ambito di questo progetto sono state condotte vaste ricerche documentali e sul campo. La struttura di progettazione del sistema di servizi scelta ha facilitato la scoperta delle questioni intrinseche del sistema sanitario, i caregiver familiari e il nutrimento potenziale per l’intervento di design. Di conseguenza dopo lo sviluppo del progetto partecipativo che ha implicato i rappresentanti molteplici dei sistemi sanitari e i caregiver familiari, sono stati identificati molteplici problemi come la mancanza del sapere come fornire aiuto, il bisogno del sostegno reciproco e le attività, la vita sociale e il riconoscimento sociale. Come risultato nasce un progetto del sistema di servizio L’idea mostra come i caregiver familiari shanghainesi possono essere supportati tramite frequentare un’organizzazione che fornisce il sapere medico e le attività ed edifica la comunità. Il progetto nutre il potenziale della gente in quartieri come i volontari L’organizzazione crea uno spazio per la gente per incontrarsi e costruire le relazioni fiduciosi, rafforza la resilienza delle comunità. Queste azioni saranno il primo passo di un progetto a lungo termine grazie al quale la gente potrà supportare i badanti basandosi sui rapporti consolidati. Inoltre dato i prerequisiti cinesi del sacrificio e la pietà filiale il progetto mira ad aumentare la consapevolezza di importanza dell’equilibratura del ruolo di una persona come un badante e un individuo perché la qualità dell’assistenza prestata dipende direttamente sulla qualità di vita di un individuo. Riflessivamente i concetti dei rituali, equilibrio e umanità servono come dorsale del service idea. Inoltre essi rappresentano i valori confuciani. E come risultato viene proposto il “Rituals. Balanced Care centre” che potrebbe essere una delle cantene all’interno della stringa di interventi necessari nel sistema sanitario cinese.
Rituals. Balanced care centre. The design of a support system for Shanghainese family caregivers
CERVINSCAIA, NADEJDA
2019/2020
Abstract
Worldwide, people’s life expectancy rises, the birth rate decreases, while the rate of chronic, non-communicable diseases dramatically boosts. There is an increasing need for patients to receive care within their treatments. Usually, this role falls on family members, who find themselves having a new role either predictably or not. They become family caregivers. The caregivers’ figure implies multiple duties, for which people are unprepared; besides, the entire situation impacts their personal lives because the previous orders suffer unforeseen changes. As a result, family caregivers undergo vast physical, emotional, financial burdens, become victims of circumstances, and need assistance. Specifically in China, given the Confucianist values such as filial piety, family caregivers tend to immerse into the caregiving role fully. Besides cultural duties, Chinese caregivers are legally obliged to care for their sick family members. Given this, the function of family caregivers needs to be urgently addressed. Chinese Government points out the complex problems of its healthcare system. It suffers from disintegrated collaboration mechanisms, and lack of communication between diverse health providers, scarcity of services and certified human resources. As the solution strategy to these problems, in the Healthy China 2030 policy multiple objectives were proposed among which, human-centeredness is prioritized. Despite that the policy does not mention planned interventions for family caregivers, the Government comprehends this category of people as a target. Thus, there is a stringent need for an intervention to support family caregivers. Within this project, I have conducted extensive field methodology and desk research. The chosen service system design framework facilitated discovering the intrinsic issues of the healthcare system, family caregivers, and the potential areas for a design intervention. Consequently, after participatory project development and healthcare system representatives and family caregivers, multiple issues were identified, such as lack of knowledge of how to provide care, need for peer support and activities, social life, and social recognition. Accordingly, the author has conceived the service system proposal. The idea illustrates how Shanghainese family caregivers can be supported by being provided with medical knowledge, activities and being part of a community. The proposed design intervention nurtures people’s potential in neighborhoods as volunteers, organizing activities, and educating citizens as professional care-workers to facilitate caregivers’ possibilities for respites. The organization creates space for people to meet and build trustful relationships, enhance community resilience, and it will be the first step of the long-term project, which could people support caregivers based on established relationships. Besides, considering that the Chinese culture prerequisites of sacrifice and filial piety, the project also aims to raise awareness of the importance of balancing a person’s roles as a caregiver and an individual. The reasoning is that the quality of provided care directly depends on the quality of life of an individual. Reflectively, the Confucianist term of balance, and humaneness serve as a backbone of the service idea. As a result, the author proposed the “Rituals. Balanced Care Centre,” which could be one of the key element of the intervention system within the Chinese healthcare system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Rituals. Balanced Care Centre. The Design of a Support System for Shanghainese Family Caregivers
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/170015