The possibility of electrodepositing hard chromium from trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) baths was investigated as an alternative to deposits obtained from hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) baths, highly dangerous for both humans and environment. Functional chrome plating from Cr(III) plating baths is currently not commercially available due to economic and technical difficulties. The biggest problem remains the difficulty of obtaining a sufficiently thick and hard deposit. To overcome the difficulty of reducing Cr(III) in aqueous solutions, different complexing agents and other additives are employed. The effects of deposition conditions on deposit quality were investigated. It was decided to use an insoluble and inert mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode and to deposit on copper. Once the best deposition conditions were established, glyoxylic acid was added to the solution with the aim of improving the surface appearance and hardness of the deposit. It has been observed that the addition of 10 g/L of glyoxylic acid improves the characteristics of the process in terms of uniformity, hardness and morphology of the deposit. In particular, the hardness reaches values in line with those of hard chromium obtained from Cr(VI) platin baths. An electrochemical characterization of the solution was also carried out with potentiodynamic methods.
Nel presente lavoro si è investigata la possibilità di elettrodepositare cromo duro da bagni di cromo trivalente (Cr(III)) come alternativa ai depositi ottenuti da bagni di cromo esavalente (Cr(VI)), altamente pericoloso sia per l'uomo che per l'ambiente. Attualmente la cromatura funzionale da bagni galvanici di Cr(III) non è disponibile in commercio a causa di difficoltà economiche e tecniche. Il problema maggiore rimane la difficoltà di ottenere un deposito sufficientemente spesso e duro. Per ovviare alla difficoltà di riduzione del Cr(III) nelle soluzioni acquose si ricorre all’utilizzo di diversi agenti complessanti e all’aggiunta di altri additivi. Sono stati studiati gli effetti delle condizioni di deposizione sulla qualità del deposito. Si è scelto di utilizzare un anodo insolubile e inerte di ossidi di metalli misti e di depositare su rame. Stabilite le condizioni di deposizione migliori è stato aggiunto acido gliossilico alla soluzione con l’intento di migliorare l’aspetto superficiale e la durezza del deposito. Si osservato come l’aggiunta di 10 g/L di acido gliossilico migliori le caratteristiche del processo in termini di uniformità, durezza e morfologia del deposito. In particolare, la durezza raggiunge valori in linea con quelli del cromo duro ottenuto da bagni galvanici di Cr (VI). È stata svolta anche una caratterizzazione elettrochimica della soluzione con metodi potenziodinamici.
Electroplating of functional chromium from trivalent electrolytes
Metti, Marco
2019/2020
Abstract
The possibility of electrodepositing hard chromium from trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) baths was investigated as an alternative to deposits obtained from hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) baths, highly dangerous for both humans and environment. Functional chrome plating from Cr(III) plating baths is currently not commercially available due to economic and technical difficulties. The biggest problem remains the difficulty of obtaining a sufficiently thick and hard deposit. To overcome the difficulty of reducing Cr(III) in aqueous solutions, different complexing agents and other additives are employed. The effects of deposition conditions on deposit quality were investigated. It was decided to use an insoluble and inert mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode and to deposit on copper. Once the best deposition conditions were established, glyoxylic acid was added to the solution with the aim of improving the surface appearance and hardness of the deposit. It has been observed that the addition of 10 g/L of glyoxylic acid improves the characteristics of the process in terms of uniformity, hardness and morphology of the deposit. In particular, the hardness reaches values in line with those of hard chromium obtained from Cr(VI) platin baths. An electrochemical characterization of the solution was also carried out with potentiodynamic methods.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/170385