The purpose of this thesis is to develop through the application of the concentrated FEST-EWB, a methodology to estimate irrigation on a consortium scale for optimal management of water resources. The first phase provides the estimation of the potential irrigation based on potential crop evapotranspiration in according to the FAO method (Allen et al., 1998) to forecast irrigation volumes. Subsequently is applied SIM methodology, which allows the estimation of the optimal irrigation, based on the humidity stress thresholds of the vegetation. The case study involves the Southern Fortore District belonging to "Consorzio della Capitanata" in the province of Foggia, analyzed for a period between 2014 and 2019. A first analysis is made regarding the calibration and validation of the concentrated hydrological model, by using the observed irrigation. Satellite data of vegetation are used to simulate the spatial distribution of irrigation within the concentrated model. The main hydrological parameters governing the model are thus determined, using both terrestrial and satellite data, provided by weather stations, Eddy-Covariance stations and Landsat 7, Landsat 8, SMOS and Terra&Aqua-MODIS satellites. It follows the application of the potential irrigation based on the irrigation needs of crops, able to counteract periods of water deficit. Finally, the SIM methodology for irrigation is adopted, that allows to estimate the optimal irrigation starting from the definition of the crop stress threshold. The estimated temperature values LST are compared with the satellite data, to estimate the reliability of the concentrated model. For the case study under examination, the analysis previously conducted by the application of the distributed model are exploited, to have a further method of judgment. In conclusion, the analysis shows that the concentrated model can reproduce the trend of soil moisture with a good approximation. It is estimated the Nash-Sutcliffe index, NS=0,47 for the concentrated model with observed irrigation and NS=0,24 for the model with estimated irrigation. With respect to the estimated temperatures, values of RMSE=5,3 °C for the model with observed irrigation and RMSE=5,4 °C for the model with estimated irrigation are obtained. The application of the SIM methodology for the estimation of irrigation shows an average seasonal water saving of 823mm.
Lo scopo del presente elaborato di tesi è quello di sviluppare, tramite l’applicazione del FEST-EWB concentrato, una metodologia atta a stimare l’irrigazione su scala consortile ai fini di una gestione ottimale della risorsa idrica. In una prima fase viene stimata l’irrigazione potenziale basata sull’evapotraspirazione potenziale colturale secondo il metodo FAO (Allen et al., 1998) ai fini di previsione dei volumi irrigui. In seguito, viene applicata la metodologia SIM che consente di stimare l’irrigazione ottimale, basata sulle soglie di stress di umidità della vegetazione. Il caso di studio vede coinvolto il Comprensorio del Sud Fortore appartenente al Consorzio della Capitanata in provincia di Foggia, analizzato per un periodo compreso tra il 2014 e il 2019. Una prima analisi viene fatta in merito alla calibrazione e validazione del modello idrologico concentrato, utilizzando l’irrigazione osservata. Per simulare la distribuzione spaziale dell’irrigazione all’interno del modello concentrato, vengono impiegati i dati satellitari in merito alle aree ricoperte da vegetazione. Vengono così determinati i principali parametri idrologici che governano il modello, avvalendosi sia di dati terrestri che satellitari, forniti dalle stazioni meteo, dalle stazioni Eddy-Covariance e dai satelliti Landsat 7, Landsat 8, SMOS e Terra&Aqua-MODIS. Segue l’applicazione dell’irrigazione potenziale basata sul fabbisogno irriguo delle colture, in grado di contrastare i periodi di deficit idrico. Adottando infine la metodologia SIM per l’irrigazione, viene stimata l’irrigazione ottimale a partire dalla definizione della soglia di stress delle colture. Per stimare l’affidabilità del modello concentrato, si confrontano i valori di temperatura stimata LST con i dati satellitari. Per il caso di studio in esame, vengono sfruttate le analisi precedentemente condotte dall’applicazione del modello distribuito, così da avere un ulteriore metodo di giudizio. In conclusione alle analisi fatte si afferma che il modello concentrato è in grado di riprodurre fedelmente l’andamento dell’umidità del suolo. Si è stimato l’indice di Nash-Sutcliffe, NS=0,47 per il modello concentrato con irrigazione osservata e NS=0,24 per il modello con irrigazione stimata. In merito alle temperature stimate si ottengono valori di RMSE=5,3 °C per il modello con irrigazione osservata e RMSE=5,4 °C per il modello con irrigazione stimata. Infine, l’applicazione della metodologia SIM per la stima dell’irrigazione mostra un risparmio idrico medio stagionale di 823 mm.
Stima dell'irrigazione a scala consortile tramite modelli idrologici concentrati
Nunez, Fernando Adrian
2019/2020
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to develop through the application of the concentrated FEST-EWB, a methodology to estimate irrigation on a consortium scale for optimal management of water resources. The first phase provides the estimation of the potential irrigation based on potential crop evapotranspiration in according to the FAO method (Allen et al., 1998) to forecast irrigation volumes. Subsequently is applied SIM methodology, which allows the estimation of the optimal irrigation, based on the humidity stress thresholds of the vegetation. The case study involves the Southern Fortore District belonging to "Consorzio della Capitanata" in the province of Foggia, analyzed for a period between 2014 and 2019. A first analysis is made regarding the calibration and validation of the concentrated hydrological model, by using the observed irrigation. Satellite data of vegetation are used to simulate the spatial distribution of irrigation within the concentrated model. The main hydrological parameters governing the model are thus determined, using both terrestrial and satellite data, provided by weather stations, Eddy-Covariance stations and Landsat 7, Landsat 8, SMOS and Terra&Aqua-MODIS satellites. It follows the application of the potential irrigation based on the irrigation needs of crops, able to counteract periods of water deficit. Finally, the SIM methodology for irrigation is adopted, that allows to estimate the optimal irrigation starting from the definition of the crop stress threshold. The estimated temperature values LST are compared with the satellite data, to estimate the reliability of the concentrated model. For the case study under examination, the analysis previously conducted by the application of the distributed model are exploited, to have a further method of judgment. In conclusion, the analysis shows that the concentrated model can reproduce the trend of soil moisture with a good approximation. It is estimated the Nash-Sutcliffe index, NS=0,47 for the concentrated model with observed irrigation and NS=0,24 for the model with estimated irrigation. With respect to the estimated temperatures, values of RMSE=5,3 °C for the model with observed irrigation and RMSE=5,4 °C for the model with estimated irrigation are obtained. The application of the SIM methodology for the estimation of irrigation shows an average seasonal water saving of 823mm.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/170981