Waste-to-energy is a practice adopted for waste disposal based on a combustion process from which high temperature flue gas is obtained, used for energy production, thus saving natural resources. The first objective of this study was to estimate the emissions of a waste-to-energy plant starting from measurements of concentrations of pollutants in the flue gas, continuously and periodically, carried out by means of a monitoring system installed on the stack. The pollutants considered for the calculation of emissions were: macro-pollutants, dioxins, heavy metals, toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As far as air quality is concerned, measured data from the regional monitoring network of various locations were available for the macro-pollutants. In addition, measurement campaigns were conducted from 1996 to 2019 in the area surrounding the plant to assess the presence of dioxins, metals and toxic elements and submicron dust in the atmosphere, and in the soil of dioxins and heavy metals and toxic elements. The annual average concentrations of macropollutants in the atmosphere were studied by means of a trend significance analysis with linear regression and application of the F test. In the overall analysis, all macropollutants, with the exception of nitrogen dioxide NO2, showed a negative average annual variation and a significant trend therefore, it can be seen that air quality, linked to the presence of macropollutants, improved in the period 1998-2019. The second objective of this study was to compare the toxicity profiles of dioxins in the atmosphere and in emissions from the waste to energy plant in question with those obtained from the literature. A PCA analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis were carried out, from which it was obtained that the annual TEQ profiles of dioxins emitted in the three-year period 2017-2019 are very similar to each other and, moreover, the TEQ profile of dioxins in the atmosphere detected in the winter 2019 campaign is similar to the profiles, taken from the literature, related to the emissions of some steel plants.
La termovalorizzazione è una pratica adottata per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti basata su un processo di combustione da cui si ottengono fumi ad alta temperatura, utilizzati per la produzione di energia consentendo, così, il risparmio di risorse naturali. Il primo obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di stimare le emissioni di un impianto di termovalorizzazione partendo dalle misure di concentrazioni degli inquinanti nei fumi, in continuo e periodiche, eseguite mediante un sistema di monitoraggio installato al camino. Gli inquinanti considerati per il calcolo delle emissioni sono stati: macroinquinanti, diossine, metalli pesanti, elementi tossici e idrocarburi policiclici aromatici (IPA). Per quanto riguarda la qualità dell’aria sono risultati disponibili per i macroinquinanti i dati misurati della rete di monitoraggio regionale di diverse postazioni. Inoltre, dal 1996 al 2019 sono state condotte campagne di misura nell’area circostante l’impianto per valutare la presenza in atmosfera di diossine, metalli ed elementi tossici e polveri submicroniche, e nel suolo di diossine e metalli pesanti ed elementi tossici. Le concentrazioni medie annue dei macroinquinanti in atmosfera sono state studiate mediante un’analisi di significatività delle tendenze con regressione lineare e applicazione del test F. Nell’analisi complessiva, tutti i macroinquinanti, ad eccezione del biossido di azoto NO2, hanno presentato una variazione media annua negativa ed una tendenza significativa quindi, è possibile constatare che la qualità dell’aria, legata alla presenza di macroinquinanti, è migliorata nel periodo 1998-2019. Il secondo obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di confrontare i profili di tossicità delle diossine in atmosfera e in emissione dal termovalorizzatore in esame con quelli ricavati dalla letteratura. È stata eseguita un’analisi PCA e un’analisi Cluster gerarchica, da cui è stato ottenuto che i profili TEQ annuali delle diossine in emissione nel triennio 2017-2019 sono molto simili tra loro e, inoltre, il profilo TEQ di diossine in atmosfera rilevato nella campagna invernale 2019 è simile ai profili, ricavati dalla letteratura, relativi alle emissioni di alcune acciaierie.
Analisi dei dati di emissioni di un termovalorizzatore e della presenza di inquinanti in atmosfera e nel suolo nell'area circostante
Raniolo, Fabio
2019/2020
Abstract
Waste-to-energy is a practice adopted for waste disposal based on a combustion process from which high temperature flue gas is obtained, used for energy production, thus saving natural resources. The first objective of this study was to estimate the emissions of a waste-to-energy plant starting from measurements of concentrations of pollutants in the flue gas, continuously and periodically, carried out by means of a monitoring system installed on the stack. The pollutants considered for the calculation of emissions were: macro-pollutants, dioxins, heavy metals, toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As far as air quality is concerned, measured data from the regional monitoring network of various locations were available for the macro-pollutants. In addition, measurement campaigns were conducted from 1996 to 2019 in the area surrounding the plant to assess the presence of dioxins, metals and toxic elements and submicron dust in the atmosphere, and in the soil of dioxins and heavy metals and toxic elements. The annual average concentrations of macropollutants in the atmosphere were studied by means of a trend significance analysis with linear regression and application of the F test. In the overall analysis, all macropollutants, with the exception of nitrogen dioxide NO2, showed a negative average annual variation and a significant trend therefore, it can be seen that air quality, linked to the presence of macropollutants, improved in the period 1998-2019. The second objective of this study was to compare the toxicity profiles of dioxins in the atmosphere and in emissions from the waste to energy plant in question with those obtained from the literature. A PCA analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis were carried out, from which it was obtained that the annual TEQ profiles of dioxins emitted in the three-year period 2017-2019 are very similar to each other and, moreover, the TEQ profile of dioxins in the atmosphere detected in the winter 2019 campaign is similar to the profiles, taken from the literature, related to the emissions of some steel plants.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/171062