The present Thesis work deals with the building of a numerical model for a six-cylinder Diesel Heavy-Duty engine, with a 6700 cm^3 displaced volume, developed by FPT in a 210 kW version, which belongs to the “n67 ENT” product family and must be later integrated into a suitable vehicle model. The final aim of the present work is, in fact, introducing, testing and validating a new transient simulation methodology of an internal combustion engine, which, once the engine is integrated into a complete vehicle model, allows the study of complex and hybrid powertrains. Thanks to gasdyn, a 1D CFD software, it is possible to mimic the behavior of the engine under study, through the convergence analysis of some operating points and the consequent creation of steady-state maps. The in-cylinder pressure traces given by experimental tests are fundamental for the study of the combustion model. They allow to define an energetic balance within the cylinder volume and, after a recalibration of Woschni’s model coefficients for the estimation of the heat losses through the walls, the calculation of burned mass fraction profiles is carried out. Then, these are approximated by an analytical formula: the Double-Wiebe’s Function. The analysis continues with the simulation of real drive mission profiles with the help of velodyn, a Simulink add-on for vehicle longitudinal dynamics, developed by Exothermia and based on steady-state maps approach. These runs represent the starting point for the comparison with what will come after, that is the transient simulation of the engine inserted in the vehicle model, through the integration of gasdyn and velodyn software. In particular, the introduction of a gasdyn S-Function allows the real-time interaction between the two, overcoming the limitations involving the steady-state map approach. The main outcome the work focuses on is the estimation of fuel consumption for an Iveco bus, powered by the engine under study; the vehicle is simulated in urban and combined cycle missions. As already mentioned, the stationary analysis results are compared with their correspondent transient ones. Finally, further exploiting velodyn functionalities, a hybrid model of the vehicle is created. The chosen configuration (Parallel Full-Hybrid) is simulated with both the stationary approach and the new transient way introduced by this Thesis work (as done also for the Diesel version of the vehicle). A critical comparison among all the outcomes (dealing with stationary and transient, Diesel-only and hybrid models) is provided, after the introduction of a procedure aimed at standardizing the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and making it comparable with traditional ones.
Questo lavoro di Tesi si concentra sulla modellazione di un motore Diesel Heavy-Duty da 6700 cm3 a sei cilindri, sviluppato da FPT in una versione da 210 kW, appartenente alla famiglia di prodotti “n67 ENT” e da integrare successivamente con un modello veicolo idoneo a tale motore. L’obiettivo finale del presente lavoro è quello infatti di introdurre, testare e validare una nuova metodologia di simulazione in transitorio di un motore a combustione interna che, una volta integrato nel modello veicolo, permette lo studio di powertrain complesse e ibride. L’utilizzo di gasdyn, un software di CFD basato su modelli mono-dimensionali, ha permesso di ricostruire il motore oggetto di studio, attraverso l’analisi a convergenza di alcuni punti della sua mappa operativa e la conseguente costruzione delle mappe stazionarie. I segnali di pressione misurati sperimentalmente all’interno dei cilindri sono stati fondamentali per lo studio del modello di combustione. Con questi si è definito un bilancio energetico limitato al cilindro e, dopo una ricalibrazione del modello di Woschni per il calcolo delle perdite termiche dalle pareti, si sono determinati i profili della frazione di massa bruciata. Questi successivamente sono stati approssimati da una espressione analitica: la Doppia Funzione di Wiebe. L’analisi continua approfondendo la simulazione di cicli guida tramite il software velodyn (un add-on di Simulink sviluppato da Exothermia), attraverso l’utilizzo di mappe stazionarie. Queste rappresentano il punto di partenza per un confronto con quanto fatto in seguito, ovvero la simulazione transitoria del motore inserito nel modello di veicolo, attraverso l’integrazione di gasdyn e velodyn. L’introduzione di una S-Function di gasdyn ha permesso l’interazione in tempo reale tra i due programmi, superando i limiti che l’approccio a mappe stazionarie comporta. Il lavoro si concentra sulla stima dei consumi di un autobus Iveco, dotato del motore in questione; il veicolo è analizzato nella percorrenza di un ciclo urbano e uno misto. Come detto, i risultati dell’analisi transitoria sono stati confrontati con i corrispettivi stazionari. Infine, sfruttando ulteriormente le funzionalità di velodyn, si è proceduto all’ibridizzazione di tale veicolo. La configurazione di ibrido scelta (Full-Hybrid Parallelo) è stata simulata sia tramite l’approccio a mappe stazionarie che con la nuova modalità transitoria introdotta da questa tesi (come fatto per il veicolo con il solo motore Diesel). I risultati ottenuti per il veicolo Diesel e ibrido sono stati confrontati criticamente, dopo aver introdotto una procedura in grado di standardizzare i consumi di un veicolo ibrido e renderli così comparabili con quelli di uno tradizionale.
Vehicle longitudinal dynamics with novel methodology for engine transient operation : fuel consumption and hybridization
Piatti, Emanuele;Pisoni, Enrico Ernesto
2019/2020
Abstract
The present Thesis work deals with the building of a numerical model for a six-cylinder Diesel Heavy-Duty engine, with a 6700 cm^3 displaced volume, developed by FPT in a 210 kW version, which belongs to the “n67 ENT” product family and must be later integrated into a suitable vehicle model. The final aim of the present work is, in fact, introducing, testing and validating a new transient simulation methodology of an internal combustion engine, which, once the engine is integrated into a complete vehicle model, allows the study of complex and hybrid powertrains. Thanks to gasdyn, a 1D CFD software, it is possible to mimic the behavior of the engine under study, through the convergence analysis of some operating points and the consequent creation of steady-state maps. The in-cylinder pressure traces given by experimental tests are fundamental for the study of the combustion model. They allow to define an energetic balance within the cylinder volume and, after a recalibration of Woschni’s model coefficients for the estimation of the heat losses through the walls, the calculation of burned mass fraction profiles is carried out. Then, these are approximated by an analytical formula: the Double-Wiebe’s Function. The analysis continues with the simulation of real drive mission profiles with the help of velodyn, a Simulink add-on for vehicle longitudinal dynamics, developed by Exothermia and based on steady-state maps approach. These runs represent the starting point for the comparison with what will come after, that is the transient simulation of the engine inserted in the vehicle model, through the integration of gasdyn and velodyn software. In particular, the introduction of a gasdyn S-Function allows the real-time interaction between the two, overcoming the limitations involving the steady-state map approach. The main outcome the work focuses on is the estimation of fuel consumption for an Iveco bus, powered by the engine under study; the vehicle is simulated in urban and combined cycle missions. As already mentioned, the stationary analysis results are compared with their correspondent transient ones. Finally, further exploiting velodyn functionalities, a hybrid model of the vehicle is created. The chosen configuration (Parallel Full-Hybrid) is simulated with both the stationary approach and the new transient way introduced by this Thesis work (as done also for the Diesel version of the vehicle). A critical comparison among all the outcomes (dealing with stationary and transient, Diesel-only and hybrid models) is provided, after the introduction of a procedure aimed at standardizing the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and making it comparable with traditional ones.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2020_12_Piatti_Pisoni.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Testo Tesi - Piatti, Pisoni
Dimensione
21.43 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
21.43 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/171111