In recent years, a new technology called Blockchain has emerged. Presented to the world in 2008 by an anonymous author known under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto, the Blockchain can be defined as a distributed and decentralized public ledger. Blockchain has evolved extensively in recent years, becoming a pervasive technology able to revolutionize legacy models in multiple business sectors. Given its potential, it is currently subject of research in both academic and business. However, the existing literature mainly covers technical aspects or studies at the conceptual level; there are only few empirical analyses on real-world applications of Blockchain in business. The objective of this thesis is to describe the potential directions of development of this technology, outlining the trends that are emerging and the business opportunities. The methodology involves a comprehensive census of Blockchain startups active worldwide, including in the analysis specific variables on their business models and technical elements. It has been chosen to analyse startups because of their great ability to drive technological innovation. The sample has been collected starting from data on crunchbase.com, integrating the information with secondary sources and short interviews with the most representative startups. The result is a database of 1287 startups, on which an extended descriptive analysis has been made. The results show that Blockchain's most common applications leverage the programmability of existing platforms to create multi-sided platform services. The main incentives for startups to use this technology are dependent on the Business Solution they offer: in particular, startups that have developed a new Blockchain protocol mainly benefit from distributed computing and the security enhancement that distributed ledgers offer, while other business models based on Blockchain benefit in particular from the disintermediation it enables. With regard to technical aspects, the analysis has shown that most startups do not use any token in their service while, for new platforms, the most suitable consensus mechanism seems to be Proof of Stake. The in-depth empirical analysis and the completeness of the variables chosen regarding technical and business aspects guarantee the uniqueness of this research. However, it is not exempt from limitations: the descriptive nature of the analysis does not allow to derive causal relationships between variables, so future research could investigate them including appropriate statistical models. In addition, not only startups are developing Blockchain initiatives, incumbent companies are also exploring these technologies, so future research could include these projects.
Negli ultimi anni è emersa una nuova tecnologia chiamata Blockchain. Presentata al mondo nel 2008 da un autore anonimo conosciuto con lo pseudonimo Satoshi Nakamoto, la Blockchain può essere definita come un registro pubblico distribuito e decentralizzato. La Blockchain si è evoluta molto negli ultimi anni, diventando una tecnologia pervasiva in grado di rivoluzionare gli attuali modelli in diversi settori di business. Date le potenzialità, essa è ad oggi oggetto di ricerca sia in ambito accademico che aziendale. Tuttavia, la letteratura esistente riguarda principalmente aspetti tecnici o studi a livello concettuale; sono poche le analisi empiriche sulle applicazioni nel mondo reale della Blockchain nel business. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di descrivere le potenziali direttrici di sviluppo di questa tecnologia, delineando i trend che si stanno affermando e le opportunità di business. La metodologia prevede un censimento completo delle startup Blockchain attive nel panorama mondiale, includendo nell'analisi specifiche variabili sui loro modelli di business e su elementi tecnici. É stato scelto di analizzare le startup per via della loro forte capacità di guidare l'innovazione tecnologica. Il campione è stato raccolto partendo dai dati presenti su crunchbase.com, integrando le informazioni con fonti secondarie e brevi interviste con le startup più rappresentative. Ne è risultato un database di 1287 startup, su cui è stata fatta una approfondita analisi descrittiva. I risultati mostrano che le applicazioni più comuni della Blockchain sfruttano la programmabilità di piattaforme esistenti per creare servizi del tipo “multi-sided platform”. I principali incentivi che spingono le startup ad utilizzare questa tecnologia sono dipendenti dalla Business Solution che esse offrono: in particolare, le startup che hanno sviluppato un nuovo protocollo blockchain beneficiano soprattutto della computazione distribuita e dall'elevato livello di sicurezza che i registri distribuiti offrono, mentre gli altri modelli di business basati su Blockchain beneficiano in particolare della disintermediazione che essa permette. Relativamente agli aspetti tecnici, l'analisi ha mostrato come la maggior parte delle startup non utilizzi alcun token nel proprio servizio mentre, per le nuove piattaforme, il meccanismo di consenso più adatto sembra essere la Proof of Stake. La analisi empirica approfondita e la completezza delle variabili scelte riguardo aspetti tecnici e di business garantiscono l'unicità della ricerca. Tuttavia, essa non è esente da limitazioni: la natura descrittiva della analisi non permette di derivare relazioni causali tra le variabili, pertanto future ricerche potrebbero investigarli comprendendo degli opportuni modelli statistici. Inoltre, non soltanto le startup stanno sviluppando iniziative Blockchain, anche le aziende incumbent stanno esplorando queste tecnologie; pertanto, future ricerche potrebbero comprendere anche questi progetti.
The role of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies in business innovation : a comprehensive analysis of the international blockchain startup ecosystem
Ghezzi, Davide
2019/2020
Abstract
In recent years, a new technology called Blockchain has emerged. Presented to the world in 2008 by an anonymous author known under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto, the Blockchain can be defined as a distributed and decentralized public ledger. Blockchain has evolved extensively in recent years, becoming a pervasive technology able to revolutionize legacy models in multiple business sectors. Given its potential, it is currently subject of research in both academic and business. However, the existing literature mainly covers technical aspects or studies at the conceptual level; there are only few empirical analyses on real-world applications of Blockchain in business. The objective of this thesis is to describe the potential directions of development of this technology, outlining the trends that are emerging and the business opportunities. The methodology involves a comprehensive census of Blockchain startups active worldwide, including in the analysis specific variables on their business models and technical elements. It has been chosen to analyse startups because of their great ability to drive technological innovation. The sample has been collected starting from data on crunchbase.com, integrating the information with secondary sources and short interviews with the most representative startups. The result is a database of 1287 startups, on which an extended descriptive analysis has been made. The results show that Blockchain's most common applications leverage the programmability of existing platforms to create multi-sided platform services. The main incentives for startups to use this technology are dependent on the Business Solution they offer: in particular, startups that have developed a new Blockchain protocol mainly benefit from distributed computing and the security enhancement that distributed ledgers offer, while other business models based on Blockchain benefit in particular from the disintermediation it enables. With regard to technical aspects, the analysis has shown that most startups do not use any token in their service while, for new platforms, the most suitable consensus mechanism seems to be Proof of Stake. The in-depth empirical analysis and the completeness of the variables chosen regarding technical and business aspects guarantee the uniqueness of this research. However, it is not exempt from limitations: the descriptive nature of the analysis does not allow to derive causal relationships between variables, so future research could investigate them including appropriate statistical models. In addition, not only startups are developing Blockchain initiatives, incumbent companies are also exploring these technologies, so future research could include these projects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
TESI_Ghezzi_917872.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Dimensione
3.19 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.19 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/171208