The history of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle begins in 1948, where the advantages of CO2 fluid were quickly realized and investigation on supercritical CO2 cycles was carried out in many countries. Supercritical CO2 power cycles take advantage of high compressibility factor and density near the critical point to minimize the compression work with the associated higher thermal efficiencies. Supercritical CO2 cycle has also other important advantages over steam Rankine cycle such as more compact turbomachinery, ability to operate efficiently with dry cooling and no phase change during expansion eliminating erosion risk for the turbine. Differently from organic fluids it is chemically inert, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-flammable, accessible, affordable and it is characterized by easy handling with associated lesser maintentance costs. The most interesting applications applied to supercritical CO2 cycles are nuclear, coal, concentrated solar power and waste heat recovery. There are diffent type of optimizations in the literature for every application: thermodynamic, thermo-economic, single objective, multi-objectives. Every study has its peculiarities, its assumptions and constraints that could be similar or different from the other studies in the literature, moreover the supercritical CO2 cycle has to be tailored to deal with the heat source system integration constraints. The aim of this work is not only to summarize the main findings and significant results in the literature, but to compare the studies, to give some important preliminary considerations and conclusions on the layout that seems to be the best suited for every particular application. All the typical assumptions are summarized and explained. The work is concluded reporting the cost correlations assumed for the main components of the supercritical CO2 cycles in the thermo-economic ivestigations, the correlations are represented graphically, compared and analyzed. Thanks to the recent huge steps forward in research and development projects and acitivities the commercialization of this technology seems more and more closer.
La storia dei cicli supercritici a CO2 inizia nel 1948, dove i vantaggi della CO2 furono subito identificati e per questo vennero effettuate ricerche in molti paesi. Il ciclo a CO2 supercritica sfrutta gli alti valori di compressibilità e densità nelle vicinanze del punto critico, che permettono di minimizzare il lavoro di compressione con la conseguente possibilità di raggiungiere grandi efficienze termiche. Questi cicli hanno anche altri vantaggi importanti rispetto al ciclo Rankine a vapore come ad esempio una maggiore compattezza delle turbomacchine, la capacità di operare efficientemente anche con raffreddamento ad aria ed espansione senza cambio di fase eliminando in questo modo il rischio di erosione per le pale della turbina. A differenza dei fluidi organici è chimicamente inerte, non tossica, non corrosiva, non infiammabile, facilmente accessibile, economica e caratterizzata da una facile gestione con minori costi di manutenzione annessi. Le applicazioni più interessanti associate ai cicli a CO2 supercritica sono: nucleare, carbone, impianti a concentrazione solare e il recupero di calore. In letteratura sono presenti diversi tipi di ottimizzazione: termodinamiche, termoeconomiche, a singolo obiettivo o multi-obiettivo. Ogni studio ha le sue particolarità, le sue assunzioni e vincoli, che possono essere simili o diversi per ogni tipo di studio, inoltre questi cicli devono rispettare i possibili vincoli dettati dalla integrazione con la fonte di calore. Lo scopo di questa tesi è non solo quello di riportare e riassumere i principali risultati significativi trovati in letteratura, ma anche quello di confrontare gli studi ed elaborare delle considerazioni preliminari importanti sul ciclo/i che sembrano essere i migliori candidati per ogni particolare applicazione. Tutte le assunzioni tipiche sono riassunte e spiegate e il lavoro viene concluso riportanto le correlazioni di costo maggiormente utilizzate nelle analisi termoeconomiche. Le relazioni sono rappresentate graficamente, confrontate e analizzate. Grazie agli importanti progressi degli ultimi anni nella ricerca scientifica e dei progetti realizzati e ancora in corso, la commercializzazione di questa tecnologia sembra sempre più vicina.
Literature review on supercritical CO2 power cycles : optimization methodology, cycle layouts and possible applications
Camparsi, Altea
2019/2020
Abstract
The history of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle begins in 1948, where the advantages of CO2 fluid were quickly realized and investigation on supercritical CO2 cycles was carried out in many countries. Supercritical CO2 power cycles take advantage of high compressibility factor and density near the critical point to minimize the compression work with the associated higher thermal efficiencies. Supercritical CO2 cycle has also other important advantages over steam Rankine cycle such as more compact turbomachinery, ability to operate efficiently with dry cooling and no phase change during expansion eliminating erosion risk for the turbine. Differently from organic fluids it is chemically inert, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-flammable, accessible, affordable and it is characterized by easy handling with associated lesser maintentance costs. The most interesting applications applied to supercritical CO2 cycles are nuclear, coal, concentrated solar power and waste heat recovery. There are diffent type of optimizations in the literature for every application: thermodynamic, thermo-economic, single objective, multi-objectives. Every study has its peculiarities, its assumptions and constraints that could be similar or different from the other studies in the literature, moreover the supercritical CO2 cycle has to be tailored to deal with the heat source system integration constraints. The aim of this work is not only to summarize the main findings and significant results in the literature, but to compare the studies, to give some important preliminary considerations and conclusions on the layout that seems to be the best suited for every particular application. All the typical assumptions are summarized and explained. The work is concluded reporting the cost correlations assumed for the main components of the supercritical CO2 cycles in the thermo-economic ivestigations, the correlations are represented graphically, compared and analyzed. Thanks to the recent huge steps forward in research and development projects and acitivities the commercialization of this technology seems more and more closer.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Literature Review on Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles: Optimization Methodology, Cycle Layouts and Possible Applications
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/171345