Crystal-clear waters and images of white, unspoilt coastline have made Salento a sought-after destination both nationally and internationally, paving the way for mass seaside tourism. With Gallipoli as its most renowned representative, the Salento area around Lecce seems to be the most attractive for those in search of sea and entertainment. Sun and sea, however, are only two elements of a territory that hosts a vast and heterogeneous material and immaterial heritage. For centuries a crossroads of peoples and cultures, Salento is host to traditions, dialects, arts, architecture and agricultural practices that reflect the influence of all the people who landed here. The history of the Apulian sub-region is also profoundly linked to its morphology and hostile terrain, which has led to the formation of an agricultural landscape containing artefacts declared intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the landscape heritage is also characterised by a great biodiversity that is now threatened by the drying up of the land, as well as by extraordinary events such as the Xylella fastidiosa epidemic. The result is the progressive abandonment of agriculture and the urbanisation of the countryside, which began in recent decades and has led to the overbuilding and degradation of many areas. In such a complex and articulated landscape, uncontrolled seaside tourism represents a further threat to be addressed by seeking a balance between a marked and consolidated tourist vocation and the needs of an increasingly fragile heritage. The following work therefore provides a brief introduction on the issues related to tourism and the tourist promotion of the sub-region, followed by a territorial analysis in which the potential and criticalities of the area are better framed. The aim of this work is to search for ideas and development strategies and to attempt to convert tourism from a destructive and eclipsing element of the local culture into an element capable of stimulating sustainable development from various points of view. The key to this growth is identified in the local communities, proposing the involvement of the population in the processes of protection, promotion and enhancement of the area. The search for these strategies focused on a town located in the hinterland of Capo di Leuca: Specchia. Benefiting from funding for the development of rural areas, in the last decades Specchia has tried to promote itself within the territory and is therefore an emblematic example of the impact that the growth of tourism has had on small inland areas. Therefore, through the study of the processes that have led the local heritage to become a mere scenography incapable of playing an active role in the life of the population, the thesis attempts to work on the potential of the village and seeks new perspectives for the future of the rural area and its inhabitants.
Le acque cristalline e le immagini di coste candide e incontaminate hanno reso il Salento una meta particolarmente ambita sia a livello nazionale che internazionale, tanto da aprire la strada a un turismo balneare intensivo. Con Gallipoli come rappresentante più nota, la zona del Salento leccese sembra essere la più attrattiva per chi è alla ricerca di mare e divertimento. Sole e mare, però, sono solo due elementi di un territorio che ospita un patrimonio materiale e immateriale vasto ed eterogeneo. Per secoli crocevia di popoli e culture, infatti, il Salento ospita tradizioni, dialetti, arti, architetture e pratiche agricole che manifestano l’influenza di tutti i popoli qui approdati. La storia della subregione pugliese, inoltre, è profondamente legata alla sua morfologia e a un territorio ostile che ha portato alla formazione di un paesaggio agricolo che ospita manufatti dichiarati patrimonio culturale immateriale da parte dell’UNESCO. Il patrimonio paesaggistico, però, è caratterizzato anche da una grande biodiversità oggi minacciata dall’inaridimento dei terreni, oltre che da eventi straordinari come l’epidemia di Xylella fastidiosa. Ne consegue il progressivo abbandono dell’agricoltura e l’urbanizzazione della campagna che, iniziata nei decenni scorsi, ha portato alla cementificazione e al degrado di molte aree. In un paesaggio così complesso e articolato, il turismo balneare incontrollato rappresenta un’ulteriore minaccia da affrontare ricercando un equilibrio tra una marcata e ormai consolidata vocazione turistica e le esigenze di un patrimonio sempre più fragile. Il lavoro di seguito proposto, quindi, riporta una breve introduzione sulle problematiche legate al turismo e alla promozione turistica della subregione, seguita da un’analisi territoriale nella quale sono meglio inquadrate le potenzialità e le criticità del luogo. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è la ricerca di idee e strategie di sviluppo tentando, inoltre, di convertire il turismo da elemento distruttivo ed eclissante della cultura locale in elemento capace di incentivare uno sviluppo sostenibile sotto diversi punti di vista. La chiave per questa crescita è individuata nelle comunità locali, proponendo il coinvolgimento della popolazione nei processi di tutela, promozione e valorizzazione del territorio. La ricerca di queste strategie si è concentrata su un centro abitato posto nell’entroterra del Capo di Leuca: Specchia. Beneficiando di finanziamenti per lo sviluppo delle aree rurali, negli ultimi decenni Specchia ha cercato di promuoversi all’interno del territorio e per questo si presenta come un esempio emblematico dell’impatto che la crescita del turismo ha avuto sulle piccole aree interne. Pertanto, attraverso lo studio dei processi che hanno portato il patrimonio locale a diventare un mera scenografia incapace di svolgere un ruolo attivo nella vita della popolazione, la tesi cerca di lavorare sulle potenzialità del borgo e ricerca nuove prospettive per il futuro dell’area rurale e dei suoi abitanti.
Development of historic towns : strategies for the enhancement of the territory through local community involvement. Proposal for Specchia, a rural village in Salento
Cleopazzo, Ylenia
2019/2020
Abstract
Crystal-clear waters and images of white, unspoilt coastline have made Salento a sought-after destination both nationally and internationally, paving the way for mass seaside tourism. With Gallipoli as its most renowned representative, the Salento area around Lecce seems to be the most attractive for those in search of sea and entertainment. Sun and sea, however, are only two elements of a territory that hosts a vast and heterogeneous material and immaterial heritage. For centuries a crossroads of peoples and cultures, Salento is host to traditions, dialects, arts, architecture and agricultural practices that reflect the influence of all the people who landed here. The history of the Apulian sub-region is also profoundly linked to its morphology and hostile terrain, which has led to the formation of an agricultural landscape containing artefacts declared intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the landscape heritage is also characterised by a great biodiversity that is now threatened by the drying up of the land, as well as by extraordinary events such as the Xylella fastidiosa epidemic. The result is the progressive abandonment of agriculture and the urbanisation of the countryside, which began in recent decades and has led to the overbuilding and degradation of many areas. In such a complex and articulated landscape, uncontrolled seaside tourism represents a further threat to be addressed by seeking a balance between a marked and consolidated tourist vocation and the needs of an increasingly fragile heritage. The following work therefore provides a brief introduction on the issues related to tourism and the tourist promotion of the sub-region, followed by a territorial analysis in which the potential and criticalities of the area are better framed. The aim of this work is to search for ideas and development strategies and to attempt to convert tourism from a destructive and eclipsing element of the local culture into an element capable of stimulating sustainable development from various points of view. The key to this growth is identified in the local communities, proposing the involvement of the population in the processes of protection, promotion and enhancement of the area. The search for these strategies focused on a town located in the hinterland of Capo di Leuca: Specchia. Benefiting from funding for the development of rural areas, in the last decades Specchia has tried to promote itself within the territory and is therefore an emblematic example of the impact that the growth of tourism has had on small inland areas. Therefore, through the study of the processes that have led the local heritage to become a mere scenography incapable of playing an active role in the life of the population, the thesis attempts to work on the potential of the village and seeks new perspectives for the future of the rural area and its inhabitants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/173153