The trend of platformization has invested not only the private sector but also the public one. In fact, platforms are considered a key tool for the future development and improvement of the public sector. However, projects that concern the development and implementation of public digital platforms encounter obstacles and challenges, and the use of such platforms often spreads with difficulty. In literature, the obstacles to the implementation and diffusion of public platforms are addressed taking into consideration technical and organizational aspects. This thesis tries to consider the issue from a broader perspective, understanding which types of policy Governments can make to favour the implementation and diffusion of public digital platforms. To do it, one example of such a platform is studied in detail: pagoPA, the Italian digital payment system for the Public Administration. This research employs both a qualitative approach – used to identify events that improved the diffusion of the platform – and a quantitative one – used to develop indicators to monitor the actual use of the platform. Combining them, it was possible to identify the Italian regions where sudden increments in the use of the platform are experienced, and to hypothesize the causes of such increments. In order to verify the hypothesis suggested by the data analysis, as well as to identify other reasons underlying the relevant increments found, semi-structured interviews with representatives of the interested regions were conducted. The content of the interview was synthesized in three case studies. With all the information collected, it was possible to identify three findings, valid not only for the pagoPA case but for all public digital platform projects: the fact that top-down impositions from the Government can be useful, but only under certain conditions; the importance of citizen’s participation; the importance of the private sector’s inclusion. This work concludes that the type of policies that support the implementation and diffusion of a public digital platform are those that involve all the sides of the platform at the same time, exploiting network effects.
Le piattaforme digitali sono considerate un elemento chiave per il miglioramento e l’efficientamento della Pubblica Amministrazione. Tuttavia, i progetti di sviluppo e implementazione di piattaforme digitali pubbliche vanno spesso incontro a ostacoli, e l’uso di queste piattaforme fatica a diffondersi nel rispetto dei tempi previsti. Nella letteratura, queste difficoltà di implementazione e diffusione vengono affrontate dal punto di vista tecnico e organizzativo. Questa tesi considera il problema da una prospettiva più ampia, cercando di individuare quali tipi di politiche i Governi possono adottare per favorire la diffusione delle piattaforme digitali pubbliche. Per fare questo, viene proposto uno studio dettagliato di una di queste piattaforme: pagoPA, la piattaforma per i pagamenti digitali verso la Pubblica Amministrazione Italiana. Nel condurre la ricerca è stato impiegato sia un approccio qualitativo, per individuare eventi relativi alla diffusione di pagoPA, sia un approccio quantitativo, consistente nello sviluppo di indicatori e nell’applicazione degli stessi a dati reali per monitorare l’effettivo stato di diffusione della piattaforma. Combinando i risultati ottenuti, è stato possibile identificare le regioni italiane dove sono stati registrati improvvisi incrementi nell’uso della piattaforma e ipotizzare le ragioni sottostanti tali incrementi. Per verificare la fondatezza delle ipotesi e per capire a quali tipi di politiche fosse legata una rapida diffusione della piattaforma, sono stati intervistati dei rappresentanti delle regioni interessate. Con tutte le informazioni ottenute, è stato possibile individuare tre risultati, validi non solo per il caso in esame, ma generalizzabili a qualunque piattaforma digitale pubblica: il fatto che le scadenze normative imposte dai Governi possono essere utili, ma solo sotto certe condizioni; l’importanza della partecipazione dei cittadini; l’importanza del coinvolgimento del settore privato. La conclusione di questo elaborato è che le politiche che favoriscono la diffusione delle piattaforme digitali pubbliche sono quelle che spingono tutti i partecipanti della piattaforma ad unirsi alla stessa contemporaneamente.
Government policies' impact on public digital platforms' diffusion : the case of the Italian digital payments system pagoPA
Margreth, Nicolo'
2019/2020
Abstract
The trend of platformization has invested not only the private sector but also the public one. In fact, platforms are considered a key tool for the future development and improvement of the public sector. However, projects that concern the development and implementation of public digital platforms encounter obstacles and challenges, and the use of such platforms often spreads with difficulty. In literature, the obstacles to the implementation and diffusion of public platforms are addressed taking into consideration technical and organizational aspects. This thesis tries to consider the issue from a broader perspective, understanding which types of policy Governments can make to favour the implementation and diffusion of public digital platforms. To do it, one example of such a platform is studied in detail: pagoPA, the Italian digital payment system for the Public Administration. This research employs both a qualitative approach – used to identify events that improved the diffusion of the platform – and a quantitative one – used to develop indicators to monitor the actual use of the platform. Combining them, it was possible to identify the Italian regions where sudden increments in the use of the platform are experienced, and to hypothesize the causes of such increments. In order to verify the hypothesis suggested by the data analysis, as well as to identify other reasons underlying the relevant increments found, semi-structured interviews with representatives of the interested regions were conducted. The content of the interview was synthesized in three case studies. With all the information collected, it was possible to identify three findings, valid not only for the pagoPA case but for all public digital platform projects: the fact that top-down impositions from the Government can be useful, but only under certain conditions; the importance of citizen’s participation; the importance of the private sector’s inclusion. This work concludes that the type of policies that support the implementation and diffusion of a public digital platform are those that involve all the sides of the platform at the same time, exploiting network effects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/173649