Within the last decades, in a context of depletion of oil deposits and increasing pressure from global warming, solar and wind technologies have emerged to offer a credible alternative to fossil fuels, providing large amounts of renewable energy at affordable prices. Indeed, technological innovation in renewable energy is now widely regarded as the key to addressing the issues of energy security, energy access and climate change and to sustaining and improving the quality of life for current and future generations. As such, understanding the linkages between technological innovation and environmental policy is important, especially because little work has distinguished between the loci of policy support. We contribute to existing literature on policy-induced technological innovation and conduct an empirical cross-country analysis on a panel covering 27 OECD countries and 6 BRIICS, observed over the period 2001-2017. Patent data stem from the European Patent Office (EPO) PATSTAT database, where wind and solar technologies patents are extracted based on technology codes according to the Cooperative Patent Classification scheme and attributed to countries based on the first inventor assignment principle. Two patents-based indicators, patent counts and revealed technological advantage, are used as proxy for innovative activity and regressed on domestic and foreign environmental policy stringency, institutional quality, knowledge stock and other controls. Overall, our results confirm the notion that technological specialization in the renewable energy field is fostered by domestic environmental policies. Our most interesting outcome, however, is the existence of positive cross-country policy spillovers affecting both technological specialization and innovative output. This implies a stronger overall impact of domestic policies on global innovation, and thus on “green” growth, raising important questions for policymakers as to how design and implement policies that will induce innovation in the field of renewable energy technologies and how to protect and diffuse these innovations among firms.
Negli ultimi decenni, il progressivo esaurimento dei giacimenti petroliferi e la pressione esercitata dal riscaldamento globale hanno favorito un interesse crescente verso le turbine eoliche e i pannelli fotovoltaici, che costituiscono una alternativa credibile ai combustibili fossili, fornendo grandi quantità di energia rinnovabile a prezzi competitivi. Oggi l’innovazione tecnologica è ampiamente considerata la chiave per affrontare i problemi in tema di sicurezza energetica, accesso all’energia e cambiamento climatico, contribuendo a migliorare allo stesso tempo la qualità della vita delle generazioni attuali e future. In questo contesto, comprendere la correlazione esistente fra innovazione tecnologica e politica ambientale è importante, specialmente perché ad oggi pochi studi hanno distinto il luogo in cui vengono introdotte le politiche ambientali. Questa tesi contribuisce alla letteratura esistente sull’innovazione tecnologica indotta dalle politiche ambientali tramite un’analisi empirica condotta su un panel che copre 27 paesi dell’OCSE e 6 paesi BRIICS, osservati negli anni 2001-2017. I dati sui brevetti, estratti dalla banca dati PATSTAT sulla base di specifici codici tecnologici e attribuiti ai paesi seguendo il principio di assegnazione del primo inventore, sono utilizzati per costruire gli indicatori impiegati come proxy dell’attività innovativa: il conteggio di brevetti generati e il vantaggio tecnologico rivelato. Nel complesso, i nostri risultati confermano l’idea che la specializzazione tecnologica nel campo delle energie rinnovabili è favorita dalle politiche ambientali nazionali. Il nostro risultato più interessante, tuttavia, è l’esistenza di ricadute politiche tra paesi che influenzano sia la specializzazione tecnologica che la quantità di brevetti generati. Ciò implica un impatto complessivo più forte delle politiche interne sull’innovazione globale, e quindi sulla crescita “green”, sollevando importanti interrogativi per i politici su come progettare e attuare politiche che inducano all’innovazione nel campo dell’energia rinnovabile e su come proteggere e contemporaneamente diffondere queste innovazioni tra le imprese.
The impact of domestic and foreign environmental policy on renewable energy technologies innovation : a cross-country analysis
Scorrano, Natalia
2020/2021
Abstract
Within the last decades, in a context of depletion of oil deposits and increasing pressure from global warming, solar and wind technologies have emerged to offer a credible alternative to fossil fuels, providing large amounts of renewable energy at affordable prices. Indeed, technological innovation in renewable energy is now widely regarded as the key to addressing the issues of energy security, energy access and climate change and to sustaining and improving the quality of life for current and future generations. As such, understanding the linkages between technological innovation and environmental policy is important, especially because little work has distinguished between the loci of policy support. We contribute to existing literature on policy-induced technological innovation and conduct an empirical cross-country analysis on a panel covering 27 OECD countries and 6 BRIICS, observed over the period 2001-2017. Patent data stem from the European Patent Office (EPO) PATSTAT database, where wind and solar technologies patents are extracted based on technology codes according to the Cooperative Patent Classification scheme and attributed to countries based on the first inventor assignment principle. Two patents-based indicators, patent counts and revealed technological advantage, are used as proxy for innovative activity and regressed on domestic and foreign environmental policy stringency, institutional quality, knowledge stock and other controls. Overall, our results confirm the notion that technological specialization in the renewable energy field is fostered by domestic environmental policies. Our most interesting outcome, however, is the existence of positive cross-country policy spillovers affecting both technological specialization and innovative output. This implies a stronger overall impact of domestic policies on global innovation, and thus on “green” growth, raising important questions for policymakers as to how design and implement policies that will induce innovation in the field of renewable energy technologies and how to protect and diffuse these innovations among firms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2021_4_Scorrano.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
1.68 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.68 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/173675