The aim of the present thesis project, which inserts in the framework of a broader research program ongoing at the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano, is the development of a mean-line model tailored to mini radial-inflow-turbines (RITs) working with organic fluids in high-pressure ratio conditions. The mean-line model developed, called RIT-ML code, is equipped with a preliminary isentropic design method IPD and coupled with optimization algorithms, in order to devise an integrated tool for the design of RITs and their performance assessment in off-design conditions by means of operating maps. Accurate loss correlations, which are capable to represent the actual entropy generation through the turbine, are crucial to attain a solid mean-line method. Therefore, a literature review of the existing loss models has been performed, with the main goal of investigating the origin of such theories and their intrinsic limitations. The mean-line model has been validated over turbines taken from either numerical or experimental surveys, featuring different fluids (air and organic ones), power output and size. This choice was intentionally done to pursue a validation procedure as general and unbiased as possible. The comprehensive design tool developed has been employed for the design, optimization and off-design assessment of a RIT to be included in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) devoted to waste heat recovery from the heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) of a commercial long-haul truck. Such an application is considered as one of the most attractive and viable solution to increase the engine efficiency while contemporary reducing primary energy consumption and pollutant/greenhouse gases emissions. Thanks to the low computational time coupled with a satisfactory level of accuracy, the developed mean-line model could be exploited for an early and complete sampling of the design space, which allows engineers to adopt solutions normally beyond the standard design practices, and within the design and optimization process of ORCs, providing realistic estimations of the turbo-expander efficiency for each set of boundary conditions.
Lo scopo del presente progetto di tesi, che si inserisce nel contesto di un più ampio programma di ricerca in corso presso il Dipartimento di Energia del Politecnico di Milano, è lo sviluppo di un modello mean-line finalizzato alla progettazione di turbine centripete di piccola taglia, operanti con fluidi organici ed alto rapporto di espansione, e alla valutazione della loro performance in condizioni di off-design. Accurate correlazioni di perdita, capaci di rappresentare la reale produzione entropica all'interno della turbina, sono prerequisiti essenziali per implementare un modello mean-line solido ed affidabile. Pertanto, una revisione dei modelli di perdita esistenti in letteratura è stata effettuata allo scopo di investigare l'origine di tali teorie e le loro limitazioni intrinseche. Il modello mean-line è stato poi validato utilizzando turbine prese da indagini numeriche o sperimentali, caratterizzate da differenti fluidi (aria ed organici), potenze e taglie, al fine di ricercare una validazione che fosse la più generale ed incondizionata possibile. Il modello mean-line sviluppato è poi stato applicato al design, ottimizzazione e valutazione delle performance in condizioni di off-design di una turbina centripeta da includere in un ciclo Rankine organico (ORC), finalizzato al recupero termico da un motore diesel (HDDE) di un mezzo pesante commercialmente in uso. Tale applicazione è attualmente considerata una delle soluzioni più promettenti per incrementare l'efficienza di tali motori a combustione interna, e contemporaneamente ridurre sia il consumo di fonti di energia primaria sia l'emissione di sostanze inquinanti/gas serra. Grazie al ridotto tempo computazionale accoppiato al più che soddisfacente livello di accuratezza, il presente modello mean-line può essere utilizzato per una completa analisi dello spazio di progetto, il che permette di adoperare soluzioni progettuali normalmente oltre gli standard, e nel contesto del design ed ottimizzazione di cicli Rankine organici, fornendo realistiche stime dell'efficienza della turbina per ogni set di condizioni operative.
A mean-line model for the design of high-pressure ratio small-power radial inflow turbines
Alberio, Marco
2019/2020
Abstract
The aim of the present thesis project, which inserts in the framework of a broader research program ongoing at the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano, is the development of a mean-line model tailored to mini radial-inflow-turbines (RITs) working with organic fluids in high-pressure ratio conditions. The mean-line model developed, called RIT-ML code, is equipped with a preliminary isentropic design method IPD and coupled with optimization algorithms, in order to devise an integrated tool for the design of RITs and their performance assessment in off-design conditions by means of operating maps. Accurate loss correlations, which are capable to represent the actual entropy generation through the turbine, are crucial to attain a solid mean-line method. Therefore, a literature review of the existing loss models has been performed, with the main goal of investigating the origin of such theories and their intrinsic limitations. The mean-line model has been validated over turbines taken from either numerical or experimental surveys, featuring different fluids (air and organic ones), power output and size. This choice was intentionally done to pursue a validation procedure as general and unbiased as possible. The comprehensive design tool developed has been employed for the design, optimization and off-design assessment of a RIT to be included in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) devoted to waste heat recovery from the heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) of a commercial long-haul truck. Such an application is considered as one of the most attractive and viable solution to increase the engine efficiency while contemporary reducing primary energy consumption and pollutant/greenhouse gases emissions. Thanks to the low computational time coupled with a satisfactory level of accuracy, the developed mean-line model could be exploited for an early and complete sampling of the design space, which allows engineers to adopt solutions normally beyond the standard design practices, and within the design and optimization process of ORCs, providing realistic estimations of the turbo-expander efficiency for each set of boundary conditions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Marco_Alberio_928374.pdf
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Descrizione: A Mean-line Model for the Design of High-Pressure ratio Small-Power Radial Inflow Turbines
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14.89 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/173941