The aim of this essay is to illustrate the urban transformations implemented in the city of Rio de Janeiro for the realization of the 2016 Olympic Games and analyze the tangible and, in particular, the intangible impacts produced by this mega sporting event. Starting from the analysis of the urban changes made in the years previous to the 2016 Olympics, which saw Rio as the main host city of important sporting events, this essay presents the project of the Olympics and its impact, before moving on to the economic, environmental, social aspects and legacies that marked this event. Central relevance is conferred on the issue of social inequalities that distinguishes not only the reality of Rio de Janeiro, but the whole Country. Closely linked to this topic is the focal theme of this essay: particular attention is paid to the dismantling of some favelas during the preparations for the Games. The purpose of this essay is to apply the Contingent Valuation method (CV) through a survey directed to the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro in order to assess the tangible and intangible consequences and effects of this major set of urban transformations. One of the main considerations emerging from the description of the decision-making policies that see Rio de Janeiro as a city protagonist of international sporting competitions deals with the legacies transmitted to the population: mega sport events are used as tools to produce urban redevelopment and regeneration of the city. The bids presented by the municipality of Rio in order to host the Olympic Games and previously the Pan-Americans were focused on this strategy and underlined the expected positive results the city would enjoy in the future. It is understandable the expectations of the population in relation to the improvement in the urban infrastructure of the city - airports, highways, port, rail transportation, public transport system and transit management. Specifically in the case of the city of Rio de Janeiro, it is estimated that 6.7 million inhabitants are distributed over an area of 1.2 million square kilometers. With the progressive increase in the number of inhabitants, estimated at 10.3% per year, associated with the lack of urban planning to facilitate its locomotion, it generates constant disturbances in public roads, long congestion and a large accumulation of vehicles since public transport ends up being inefficient or uncomfortable to handle the high flow of people. In January 2020, a Brazilian judge has ordered the closure of the venues built for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro over safety concerns. The city's authorities had not provided safety guarantees for the Olympic Park to hold public events, the judge said. In 2016, the site hosted basketball, swimming and tennis competitions. It is now used for concerts and other events, but parts of it have been poorly maintained. The Games were criticized for their cost and alleged corruption. A number of investigations have been opened into claims of corruption in the construction of venues and infrastructure related to the event, the first to be held in South America. Before the Games were held, critics argued the sites were too big and expensive to maintain in the long run, warning that some risked becoming "white elephants" like several of the arenas built in Brazil when it hosted the World Cup in 2014 (BBC website, 2020). As a result, the essay wants to underline the fact that a sports mega event tends to influence and change the quality of life of the residents in a positive or negative way.
Il presente saggio ha come obiettivo l’illustrazione delle trasformazioni urbane attuate nella città di Rio di Janeiro per la realizzazione dei Giochi Olimpici del 2016 e analizzare gli impatti tangibili e, in particolare, intangibili prodotti da questo mega evento sportivo. Partendo dall’analisi dei piani di modifica urbana occorsi negli anni antecedenti che vedevano Rio come città ospitante di importanti eventi sportivi, il saggio presenta il progetto realizzativo delle Olimpiadi per poi passare ad evidenziare gli aspetti e le conseguenze economiche, ambientali e sociali che questo evento ha portato con sé; di fondamentale importanza è la questione riguardante le disuguaglianze sociali che contraddistingue non solo la realtà di Rio de Janeiro, ma l’intero Paese. Strettamente legato a questo argomento è il tema centrale di questo saggio: viene prestata una particolare attenzione allo smantellamento di alcune favelas durante le operazioni di preparazione ai Giochi. Lo scopo di questo saggio consiste nell’applicazione pratica della Valutazione Contingente (CV) attraverso un sondaggio diretto agli abitanti di Rio de Janeiro per valutare le conseguenze e gli effetti tangibili e intangibili di questa importante serie di trasformazioni urbane. Una delle considerazioni principali che emergono dalla descrizione delle politiche decisionali che vedono Rio de Janeiro come città protagonista di competizioni sportive internazionali riguarda dei lasciti trasmessi alla popolazione: i mega eventi sportivi vengono utilizzati come strumenti per produrre riqualificazione urbana e rigenerazione della città. Le offerte presentate dalla città di Rio per ospitare i Giochi Olimpici e in precedenza i Panamericani erano focalizzate su questa strategia e hanno sottolineato i risultati positivi attesi di cui la città avrebbe goduto in futuro. Sono comprensibili le aspettative della popolazione in relazione al miglioramento delle infrastrutture urbane della città - aeroporti, autostrade, porto, trasporto ferroviario, sistema di trasporto pubblico e gestione del transito. Nello specifico nel caso della città di Rio de Janeiro, si stima che 6,7 milioni di abitanti siano distribuiti su un'area di 1,2 milioni di chilometri quadrati. Con il progressivo aumento del numero di abitanti, stimato al 10,3% all'anno, associato alla mancanza di pianificazione urbana per facilitarne la locomozione, genera continui disturbi nelle strade pubbliche, lunga congestione e un grande accumulo di veicoli poiché il trasporto pubblico finisce per essere inefficiente o scomodo per gestire l'elevato flusso di persone. Nel gennaio 2020, un giudice brasiliano ha ordinato la chiusura dei luoghi costruiti per i Giochi Olimpici del 2016 a Rio de Janeiro per problemi di sicurezza. Le autorità della città non avevano fornito garanzie di sicurezza per il Parco Olimpico per tenere eventi pubblici, ha detto il giudice. Nel 2016, il sito ha ospitato competizioni di basket, nuoto e tennis. Ora è utilizzato per concerti e altri eventi, ma alcune parti di esso sono state mal mantenute. I Giochi furono criticati per i loro costi e la presunta corruzione. Sono state avviate diverse indagini sulle accuse di corruzione nella costruzione di sedi e infrastrutture legate all'evento, il primo che si terrà in Sud America. Prima che i Giochi si svolgessero, i critici hanno sostenuto che i siti erano troppo grandi e costosi da mantenere a lungo termine, avvertendo che alcuni rischiavano di diventare "elefanti bianchi" come molte delle arene costruite in Brasile quando ha ospitato la Coppa del Mondo nel 2014 (sito web della BBC, 2020). Di conseguenza, il saggio vuole sottolineare il fatto che un mega evento sportivo tende a influenzare e a modificare la qualità della vita dei residenti, in maniera positiva o negativa.
The intangible effects of hosting mega sporting events. Contingent valuation method application to Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Gli effetti immateriali dell'ospitare grandi eventi sportivi. Applicazione del metodo di contingent valuation sui Giochi Olimpici Rio 2016
CAPRONI, LORENZO
2020/2021
Abstract
The aim of this essay is to illustrate the urban transformations implemented in the city of Rio de Janeiro for the realization of the 2016 Olympic Games and analyze the tangible and, in particular, the intangible impacts produced by this mega sporting event. Starting from the analysis of the urban changes made in the years previous to the 2016 Olympics, which saw Rio as the main host city of important sporting events, this essay presents the project of the Olympics and its impact, before moving on to the economic, environmental, social aspects and legacies that marked this event. Central relevance is conferred on the issue of social inequalities that distinguishes not only the reality of Rio de Janeiro, but the whole Country. Closely linked to this topic is the focal theme of this essay: particular attention is paid to the dismantling of some favelas during the preparations for the Games. The purpose of this essay is to apply the Contingent Valuation method (CV) through a survey directed to the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro in order to assess the tangible and intangible consequences and effects of this major set of urban transformations. One of the main considerations emerging from the description of the decision-making policies that see Rio de Janeiro as a city protagonist of international sporting competitions deals with the legacies transmitted to the population: mega sport events are used as tools to produce urban redevelopment and regeneration of the city. The bids presented by the municipality of Rio in order to host the Olympic Games and previously the Pan-Americans were focused on this strategy and underlined the expected positive results the city would enjoy in the future. It is understandable the expectations of the population in relation to the improvement in the urban infrastructure of the city - airports, highways, port, rail transportation, public transport system and transit management. Specifically in the case of the city of Rio de Janeiro, it is estimated that 6.7 million inhabitants are distributed over an area of 1.2 million square kilometers. With the progressive increase in the number of inhabitants, estimated at 10.3% per year, associated with the lack of urban planning to facilitate its locomotion, it generates constant disturbances in public roads, long congestion and a large accumulation of vehicles since public transport ends up being inefficient or uncomfortable to handle the high flow of people. In January 2020, a Brazilian judge has ordered the closure of the venues built for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro over safety concerns. The city's authorities had not provided safety guarantees for the Olympic Park to hold public events, the judge said. In 2016, the site hosted basketball, swimming and tennis competitions. It is now used for concerts and other events, but parts of it have been poorly maintained. The Games were criticized for their cost and alleged corruption. A number of investigations have been opened into claims of corruption in the construction of venues and infrastructure related to the event, the first to be held in South America. Before the Games were held, critics argued the sites were too big and expensive to maintain in the long run, warning that some risked becoming "white elephants" like several of the arenas built in Brazil when it hosted the World Cup in 2014 (BBC website, 2020). As a result, the essay wants to underline the fact that a sports mega event tends to influence and change the quality of life of the residents in a positive or negative way.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
The intangible effects of hosting mega sporting events.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Dimensione
1.97 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.97 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/174107