In 2020, a Russian design studio revealed that many of the works developed by a mysterious designer named Nikolay Ironov had actually been designed by an AI algorithm. This news sparked astonishment in the design community, and it has been the primal inspiration for the present work, the purpose of which is to investigate the state of the art of AI-powered tools for designers. On the one hand, the abovementioned experiment has tried to demonstrate how a machine can be capable of working in disguise to express its creativity; on the other hand, the scope of the present work is to investigate the most advanced technologies involving AI and ML, and how these can be exploited to enhance the work of creatives – UI designers in particular. The first part of this thesis presents the results of a thorough desk research, in order to explore the evolution of AI and its applications, with a particular focus on the guidelines established to regulate its development and prevent unwanted consequences, both from a global and from a European point of view. The following section will delve deeper into the relationship between AI and creativity to investigate how this technology can be applied to the creative fields of art and design, paying particular attention to the risks of an unbalanced relationship between humans and machines. The importance of cultural identities and their expressions will be taken into account to underline the social implications of this use of AI and how it should be exploited to enhance creativity, not take over it. A last phase of desk research will then investigate the state of the art of AI-powered tools for designers through the exploration of research projects and commercially available solutions to discover how these tools can support the daily practice of UI designers. The last section of the present work consists of a field research conducted in two parts: a questionnaire to gather the experiences and impressions of a diverse sample of designers about the use of AI in their daily work, and an exercise to assess the perception of Uizard – the most promising AI-powered tool for designers at the moment – and the user experience it has to offer to participants. The results of this exercise and the feedbacks provided by the designers will serve as the starting point for my final considerations to establish a framework useful to evaluate how this kind of tools can perform together with designers. Additionally, the scope of this last section is to start an active discussion on how the developments in the field could better suit the needs of designers in the evolving panorama of AI applications to enhance human activities. For this purpose, a set of guidelines has been drafted to provide a new direction for the development of the next generation of AI- powered design tools.
Nel 2020, uno studio di design russo ha rivelato che molti dei suoi lavori, sviluppati dal misterioso designer Nikolay Ironov, erano in realtà il frutto di un algoritmo di Intelligenza Artificiale. Questa notizia ha suscitato stupore tra i designer di tutto il mondo, ed è stata l’ispirazione principale durante lo sviluppo del presente elaborato, il cui scopo è quello di analizzare lo stato dell’arte degli strumenti per il design alimentati da IA. Se l’esperimento appena citato ha voluto dimostrare come una macchina possa svolgere lo stesso lavoro di un umano senza che nessuno se ne accorga, questo elaborato ha invece lo scopo di approfondire la conoscenza degli sviluppi delle tecnologie più avanzate in termini di Intelligenza Artificiale e Machine Learning, e come queste possano offrire la possibilità di esaltare il lavoro dei creativi – in particolar modo degli UI designer. La prima parte dell’elaborato presenta i risultati di un’approfondita ricerca a tavolino volta all’esplorazione dell’IA e dei suoi sviluppi, con una particolare attenzione alle linee guida che ne regolano gli sviluppi e mirano ad evitare effetti collaterali derivanti da utilizzi impropri, sia a livello internazionale, sia a livello dell’Unione Europea. La sezione successiva scenderà più nel dettaglio per esplorare la relazione tra IA e creatività, per capire come questa tecnologia possa essere applicata ai campi creativi dell’arte e del design, sempre tenendo in considerazione i rischi che si presentano quando il rapporto tra umani e macchine non è correttamente bilanciato. L’importanza delle identità culturali e delle loro espressioni verrà tenuta in considerazione per sottolineare le conseguenze sociali che l’uso dell’IA può avere in questi campi e per capire come questa tecnologia debba essere sfruttata per valorizzare la creatività, e non per sostituirla. L’ultima fase di analisi della letteratura indagherà lo stato dell’arte degli strumenti alimentati da IA per i designer, e sarà svolta attraverso una rassegna di progetti di ricerca e soluzioni disponibili a livello commerciale per scoprire come questi software possano supportare le attività quotidiane degli UI designer. L’ultima sezione dell’elaborato consiste in una ricerca sul campo condotta in due fasi: la prima consiste in un questionario per raccogliere le impressioni e le esperienze di un gruppo di designer circa l’uso dell’IA nel loro lavoro di tutti i giorni, mentre la seconda è un esercizio svolto su Uizard – lo strumento più avanzato al momento – per approfondire il tipo di esperienza che questo offre a chi lo utilizza durante i propri progetti. I risultati del questionario e dell’esercizio saranno il punto di partenza per formulare le mie considerazioni finali con l’obiettivo di stabilire un punto di riferimento per lo sviluppo di questo tipo di software nell’ottica di un UI designer. Lo scopo di quest’ultima sezione è quello di dare inizio a una più ampia discussione su quello che gli UI designer vorrebbero dagli strumenti alimentati da IA affinché questa possa avere davvero un impatto sulla loro creatività. Per questa ragione, l’ultimo capitolo dell’elaborato riporta quelle che, secondo la mia visione, dovrebbero essere le linee guida per lo sviluppo di questi strumenti nel prossimo futuro.
Let me help you. Guidelines for the development of the next generation of AI-powered design tools
Zito, Andrea
2019/2020
Abstract
In 2020, a Russian design studio revealed that many of the works developed by a mysterious designer named Nikolay Ironov had actually been designed by an AI algorithm. This news sparked astonishment in the design community, and it has been the primal inspiration for the present work, the purpose of which is to investigate the state of the art of AI-powered tools for designers. On the one hand, the abovementioned experiment has tried to demonstrate how a machine can be capable of working in disguise to express its creativity; on the other hand, the scope of the present work is to investigate the most advanced technologies involving AI and ML, and how these can be exploited to enhance the work of creatives – UI designers in particular. The first part of this thesis presents the results of a thorough desk research, in order to explore the evolution of AI and its applications, with a particular focus on the guidelines established to regulate its development and prevent unwanted consequences, both from a global and from a European point of view. The following section will delve deeper into the relationship between AI and creativity to investigate how this technology can be applied to the creative fields of art and design, paying particular attention to the risks of an unbalanced relationship between humans and machines. The importance of cultural identities and their expressions will be taken into account to underline the social implications of this use of AI and how it should be exploited to enhance creativity, not take over it. A last phase of desk research will then investigate the state of the art of AI-powered tools for designers through the exploration of research projects and commercially available solutions to discover how these tools can support the daily practice of UI designers. The last section of the present work consists of a field research conducted in two parts: a questionnaire to gather the experiences and impressions of a diverse sample of designers about the use of AI in their daily work, and an exercise to assess the perception of Uizard – the most promising AI-powered tool for designers at the moment – and the user experience it has to offer to participants. The results of this exercise and the feedbacks provided by the designers will serve as the starting point for my final considerations to establish a framework useful to evaluate how this kind of tools can perform together with designers. Additionally, the scope of this last section is to start an active discussion on how the developments in the field could better suit the needs of designers in the evolving panorama of AI applications to enhance human activities. For this purpose, a set of guidelines has been drafted to provide a new direction for the development of the next generation of AI- powered design tools.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175040