The idea of connected devices has been around for a long time: in the 1970s the concept that nowadays is known as the Internet of Things was called embedded internet or pervasive computing. These terms were used until the 1990s to talk about new technologies that were being developed and had the potential to transform the Internet into a medium to penetrate society. In those same years, a programmer called Lou Montulli working for Netscape invented Cookies: he gave the Web the ability to have a memory by placing a small file on each visitor's machine that would track what the visitor's computer did at that site. This small invention is what made it possible to translate online behaviour into personal data. Not many years had passed since Montulli’s invention and with the development of IoT also offline behaviour was tracked, this time not by cookies but by sensors with a lot of memory: server farms and clouds. The premises of the IoT were proactive and optimistic: the desire for automation in everyday life would have been fulfilled with minimal effort of understanding by the user. This thesis analyses how personal data is taken from smart objects in homes and how privacy and surveillance are perceived. Furthermore, it aims to make visible and discussed the links between objects and systems made by companies, third parties and data brokers. Finally, the project developed has the purpose to generate awareness about data management in the IoT ecosystem, creating debate and doubts on the status quo.
L'idea dei dispositivi connessi esiste da molto tempo: negli anni '70 il concetto che oggi è conosciuto come Internet of Things era chiamato embedded internet o pervasive computing. Questi termini sono stati usati fino agli anni '90 per parlare delle nuove tecnologie che si stavano sviluppando e che avevano il potenziale di trasformare Internet in un mezzo per penetrare nella società. In quegli stessi anni, un programmatore di nome Lou Montulli che lavorava per Netscape inventò i cookies: diede al web la capacità di avere una memoria mettendo un piccolo file sulla macchina di ogni visitatore che tracciava ciò che il computer del visitatore faceva in quel sito. Questa piccola invenzione è ciò che ha reso possibile tradurre il comportamento online in dati personali. Non erano passati molti anni dall'invenzione di Montulli e con lo sviluppo dell'IoT anche il comportamento offline fu tracciato, questa volta non dai cookie ma da sensori con molta memoria: server farm e cloud. Le premesse dell'IoT erano proattive e ottimistiche: il desiderio di automazione nella vita quotidiana sarebbe stato soddisfatto con un minimo sforzo di comprensione da parte dell'utente. Questa tesi analizza come vengono presi i dati personali dagli oggetti intelligenti nelle case e come vengono percepite la privacy e la sorveglianza. Inoltre, mira a rendere visibili e discussi i legami tra oggetti e sistemi realizzati da aziende, terze parti e broker di dati. Infine, il progetto sviluppato ha lo scopo di generare consapevolezza sulla gestione dei dati nell'ecosistema IoT, creando dibattito e dubbi sullo status quo.
Interconnected : interrogating the Internet of Things and personal data opaque communication
Febres Medina, Andrea Elena
2019/2020
Abstract
The idea of connected devices has been around for a long time: in the 1970s the concept that nowadays is known as the Internet of Things was called embedded internet or pervasive computing. These terms were used until the 1990s to talk about new technologies that were being developed and had the potential to transform the Internet into a medium to penetrate society. In those same years, a programmer called Lou Montulli working for Netscape invented Cookies: he gave the Web the ability to have a memory by placing a small file on each visitor's machine that would track what the visitor's computer did at that site. This small invention is what made it possible to translate online behaviour into personal data. Not many years had passed since Montulli’s invention and with the development of IoT also offline behaviour was tracked, this time not by cookies but by sensors with a lot of memory: server farms and clouds. The premises of the IoT were proactive and optimistic: the desire for automation in everyday life would have been fulfilled with minimal effort of understanding by the user. This thesis analyses how personal data is taken from smart objects in homes and how privacy and surveillance are perceived. Furthermore, it aims to make visible and discussed the links between objects and systems made by companies, third parties and data brokers. Finally, the project developed has the purpose to generate awareness about data management in the IoT ecosystem, creating debate and doubts on the status quo.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175074