Several food packaging technologies have been developed along the time to ensure that the produces arrive to the consumer in the best conditions, meaning that the standard microbiological, physical-chemical and sensorial properties of the food matrix must be kept and preserved in time as long as possible. In other words, the safety and the inherent characteristics of the food product have to be guaranteed during a specified period of time until its consumption. Hence, many kinds of packaging made of innumerous materials have been designed and have been used to achieve such goal. In the specific case of respiring food, such as vegetables and fruits, modified atmosphere packaging are commonly used, they can contain either gas control valves, micro-perforations, in some cases scavengers or even a combination of the previous might be employed for a certain application. The aim of this work is to present a sensibility analysis of the characteristics of a microperforated packaging and the thermal storing conditions to determine the shell life of Fresh-cut Annurca Apples and fresh-cut Butterhead Lettuce. The objective is to find the optimal packaging arrangements and the temperatures that will lead to and extend the most the shelf-life of both food produces. This sensibility analysis was performed by calculating the shelf-life of both, Annurca Apples and Butterhead Lettuce, by considering all the possible configurations derived from studying micro-perforations diameter of 25, 75, 50 and 100 µm; number of micro-perforations equal to 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 and film packaging thicknesses of 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 and 1,0 mm. This evaluation was carried also at different storing temperatures, such as 0°C, 4°C and 20°C and did not account neither the ethylene production from food respiration nor the effect of water vapor or the influence of possible microbiological organisms that might indeed affect the shelf-life of both produces. Additionally, no migration and scalping were considered either within this study. Both Low-Density Polyethylene and Polypropylene materials for the microperforated packaging were evaluated. Literature Michaelis-Menten respiring models were used together with the mass balances equations for oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and their corresponding mass transfer models for both, diffusion and permeation phenomena. The non-inhibited MM equation was employed in the case of apples and the uncompetitive inhibition model for lettuce.
Diverse tecnologie di food packaging sono state sviluppate con il tempo per assicurare che i prodotti alimentari arrivino ai consumatori nelle migliori condizioni, il che vuol dire che le proprietà microbiologiche, fisico-chimiche e sensoriali standard del cibo devono essere mantenute e preservate più a lungo possibile. Ovvero, la sicurezza e le caratteristiche inerenti del prodotto alimentare devono essere garantite durante un periodo determinato di tempo fino alla sua consumazione. Pertanto, molte tipologie di packaging fabbricati con diversi materiali sono stati progettati e utilizzati per raggiungere tale obiettivo. Nel caso specifico degli alimenti che subiscono processi respirativi, come ad esempio i vegetali e la frutta, il packaging con atmosfera modificata è frequentemente usato, esso può essere dotati da piccole valvole per il controllo del gas, da micro-perforazioni, in alcuni casi da scavenger o addirittura una combinazione dei precedenti, potrebbe essere impiegata in un’applicazione determinata. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di presentare un’analisi di sensibilità delle caratteristiche di una confezione micro-perforata e delle condizioni termiche di stoccaggio per determinare lo shelf-life di mele Annurca appena tagliate e di lattuga cappuccina appena tagliata. L’obiettivo principale è trovare sia la disposizione ottimale del packaging come la temperatura di conservazione più adatta che porti ad estendere il più possibile lo shelf-life di entrambi prodotti alimentari. Questa analisi di sensibilità è stata eseguita effettuando i calcoli dello Shelf-life delle mele Annurca e della Lattuga cappuccina, considerando tutte le configurazioni possibili derivate da valutare diametri di micro-perforazioni pari a 25, 75, 50 e 100 µm; 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 e 300 micro-perforazioni e spessori del film del packaging pari a 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 mm. Questa valutazione è stata effettuata a diverse temperature di stoccaggio, quali: 0°C, 4°C e 20°C e non considera né la produzione di etilene dalla respirazione del cibo né l’effetto del vapore d’acqua nemmeno l’impatto di possibili organismi microbiologici che potrebbero alterare in effetti lo shelf-life di entrambi alimenti. Inoltre, non sono stati considerati fenomeni di migrazione o di scalping in questo studio. Sia polietilene a bassa densità che polipropilene sono stati valutati come materiali per le confezioni. Modelli di respirazione da letteratura, come quelli di Michaelis-Menten, sono stati utilizzati assieme alle equazioni di bilancio di materia di ossigeno, anidride carbonica e azoto e i loro corrispondenti modelli di trasferimento di materia da diffusione e da permeazione. L’equazione di MM non inibita è stata impiegata nel caso delle mele, invece per la lattuga, il modello non competitivo è quello considerato.
Sensibility study of a microperforated packaging characteristics for extending the shelf-life of fresh-cut Annurca apples and fresh-cut Butterhead lettuce
OROZCO RAMÍREZ, ANDRÉS NAZIR
2020/2021
Abstract
Several food packaging technologies have been developed along the time to ensure that the produces arrive to the consumer in the best conditions, meaning that the standard microbiological, physical-chemical and sensorial properties of the food matrix must be kept and preserved in time as long as possible. In other words, the safety and the inherent characteristics of the food product have to be guaranteed during a specified period of time until its consumption. Hence, many kinds of packaging made of innumerous materials have been designed and have been used to achieve such goal. In the specific case of respiring food, such as vegetables and fruits, modified atmosphere packaging are commonly used, they can contain either gas control valves, micro-perforations, in some cases scavengers or even a combination of the previous might be employed for a certain application. The aim of this work is to present a sensibility analysis of the characteristics of a microperforated packaging and the thermal storing conditions to determine the shell life of Fresh-cut Annurca Apples and fresh-cut Butterhead Lettuce. The objective is to find the optimal packaging arrangements and the temperatures that will lead to and extend the most the shelf-life of both food produces. This sensibility analysis was performed by calculating the shelf-life of both, Annurca Apples and Butterhead Lettuce, by considering all the possible configurations derived from studying micro-perforations diameter of 25, 75, 50 and 100 µm; number of micro-perforations equal to 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 and film packaging thicknesses of 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 and 1,0 mm. This evaluation was carried also at different storing temperatures, such as 0°C, 4°C and 20°C and did not account neither the ethylene production from food respiration nor the effect of water vapor or the influence of possible microbiological organisms that might indeed affect the shelf-life of both produces. Additionally, no migration and scalping were considered either within this study. Both Low-Density Polyethylene and Polypropylene materials for the microperforated packaging were evaluated. Literature Michaelis-Menten respiring models were used together with the mass balances equations for oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and their corresponding mass transfer models for both, diffusion and permeation phenomena. The non-inhibited MM equation was employed in the case of apples and the uncompetitive inhibition model for lettuce.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175185