One of the major challenges of the scale-down of chemical processes is the reduction of heat transfer rates observed for conventional packed bed supports. The heat transfer rate at this scale limits the process productivities and global process effectiveness. Thermally conductive packed foams have been proposed as an effective solution for the intensification of non adiabatic catalytic processes in tubular reactors where high heat transfer rates and large catalyst inventories are necessary. In this work, a novel fixed bed reactor configuration is proposed and tested for the steam reforming of methane; the proposed solution consists of filling the voids of highly conductive metallic open-cell foams with small catalytic pellets. This reactor layout aims at enhancing the radial heat transfer of the tubular reactor by exploiting the thermal conductivity of the solid interconnected matrix while providing a similar catalyst inventory of a packed bed reactor. After performing benchmarck tests on a packed bed reactor with Rh/Al2O3 active phase, different configurations of packed foams were tested at lab-scale conditions. FeCrAlY 12PPI and Cu 10PPI open-cell foams were then tested and compared with packed beds. Test were performed using a commercial at GHSV of 5000 and 10000 h−1 at oven temperatures in the 600–800 °C range. Experiments demonstrated a benefit in terms of the thermal management of the reactor and an increase of productivity at the same furnace temperature in kinetically-limited conditions. Copper-based system showed better performances in term of conversion at moderate and higher oven temperatures and lower thermal gradients inside the reactor thanks to the optimized heat transfer.
Una delle problematiche più complesse nel disegno di reattori per processi chimici su piccola scala è la riduzione della capacità di scambio termico che si osserva utilizzando reattori a letto impaccato. In queste condizioni, lo scambio termico limita la produttivita e l’efficienza complessiva di processo. Le schiume metalliche a cella aperta impaccate con pellet catalitici sono state proposte come una soluzione efficace per la intensificazione di processo di processi non-adiabatici in reattori tubolari, dove sono necessari allo stesso tempo ottime capacità di scambio termico e alte densità di catalizzatore. In questo lavoro una nuova configurazione di reattore a letto fisso è stata proposta e testata per il reforming catalitico di metano; questa soluzione consiste in riempire le porosita di una schiuma a cella aperta con due pellet catalitici. In questo modo è possibile aumentare la capacità di scambio termico mantenendo un carico catalitico simile ad un letto impaccato. Dopo aver effettuato delle prove di rifermimento su un letto impaccato con pellet attivi di Rh/Al2O3, diverse configurazioni di schiume impaccate sono state testate in condizioni di laboratorio. Schiume da 12 PPI in FeCrY e in rame da 10 PPI sono state testate a velocità spaziali di 5000 e 10000 h-1 a temperature tra 600 e 800 °C. Gli esperimenti hanno mostrato il beneficio in termini di scambio termico del reattore e di aumento di produttivita alla stessa temperatura di forno, specialmente nel regime controllato dalla cinetica chimica. Le schiume in rame, in particolare, mostrano i migliori risultati grazie a reattori assiali e radiali minori.
Experimental investigation of packed metallic structured catalysts for the intensification of methane steam reforming
Safari Sirdani, Arman
2019/2020
Abstract
One of the major challenges of the scale-down of chemical processes is the reduction of heat transfer rates observed for conventional packed bed supports. The heat transfer rate at this scale limits the process productivities and global process effectiveness. Thermally conductive packed foams have been proposed as an effective solution for the intensification of non adiabatic catalytic processes in tubular reactors where high heat transfer rates and large catalyst inventories are necessary. In this work, a novel fixed bed reactor configuration is proposed and tested for the steam reforming of methane; the proposed solution consists of filling the voids of highly conductive metallic open-cell foams with small catalytic pellets. This reactor layout aims at enhancing the radial heat transfer of the tubular reactor by exploiting the thermal conductivity of the solid interconnected matrix while providing a similar catalyst inventory of a packed bed reactor. After performing benchmarck tests on a packed bed reactor with Rh/Al2O3 active phase, different configurations of packed foams were tested at lab-scale conditions. FeCrAlY 12PPI and Cu 10PPI open-cell foams were then tested and compared with packed beds. Test were performed using a commercial at GHSV of 5000 and 10000 h−1 at oven temperatures in the 600–800 °C range. Experiments demonstrated a benefit in terms of the thermal management of the reactor and an increase of productivity at the same furnace temperature in kinetically-limited conditions. Copper-based system showed better performances in term of conversion at moderate and higher oven temperatures and lower thermal gradients inside the reactor thanks to the optimized heat transfer.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175266