Plastic waste is one of the most challenging problems of our society. Thanks to its unique properties, plastic is used for an infinite range of different applications. Every year in Europe, around 27 million tonnes of plastics are collected of which only the 31% is recycled. The rest of it is incinerated or deposed in landfills. It is important to develop different solutions in order to create a plastic circular economy and valorise non-recyclable plastic waste. iCAREPLAST is a European project funded by European Commission Horizon 2020 that has the purpose of developing a cost and energy efficient process that confers a new life to non-recyclable plastics. iCAREPLAST processes include: plastics waste pre-treatment, pyrolysis, fractionating unit and alkylation. The aim of this work is developing a techno-economic analysis able to define the best process configuration between alkylation, aromatization and alkylation after aromatization, once three different plastic mixtures of interest are defined. The first step is the simulation on Aspen of the alkylation block, in addition, an aromatization block has been developed. Aromatization has been studied in order to explore the possibility of performing aromatization before alkylation, to improve its performances or, the possibility of replacing alkylation with aromatization for some initial plastic waste mixtures. Both Aspen Plus simulations are based on bibliographic studies. After the simulations, BTX and alkylaromatic are defined as the major products of the alkylation and aromatization blocks respectively. A market analysis has been made to comprehend the importance, applications, regional market and cost of the possible product molecules. At the end of the work, considering both the outcomes of the Aspen Plus simulation and the market analysis, the Economic Potential of the different possible process configurations have been made and the best process configuration for each initial plastic mixture is selected.
I rifiuti in plastica sono uno dei maggiori problemi della nostra società. Grazie alle sue uniche proprietà, la plastica è utilizzata per un infinito range di applicazioni. Ogni anno, in Europa, circa 27 milioni di tonnellate di plastica vengono raccolte, di cui solo il 31% viene riciclato. Il restante viene incenerito o depositato in discarica. È importante sviluppare differenti soluzioni al fine di creare un’economia circolare della plastica. iCAREPLAST è un progetto europeo fondato da Horizon 2020 che ha lo scopo di sviluppare un processo in grado di conferire alla plastica non riciclabile una nuova vita. Il processo include: pretrattamento della plastica, pirolisi, unità di frazionamento e alchilazione. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di sviluppare un’analisi tecno economica per definire la configurazione ottimale del processo tra alchilazione, aromatizzazione e alchilazione dopo aromatizzazione, una volta definiti tre mix di plastica iniziali. Il primo step è lo sviluppo della simulazione con Aspen Plus dell’unità di alchilazione, successivamente, anche la reazione di aromatizzazione è stata sviluppata. L’aromatizzazione è stata studiata per esplorare la possibilità di compiere l’aromatizzazione prima dell’unità di alchilazione al fine di migliorarne prestazioni o per sostituirla completamente per alcuni mix di plastiche in alimentazione. Tutte le simulazioni sono basate su studi bibliografici. Successivamente alla simulazione con Aspen Plus, BTX e alchilaromatici sono stati definiti come maggiori prodotti per le reazioni di aromatizzazione ed alchilazione. Un’analisi di mercato per le due famiglie di molecole è stata sviluppata definendone l’importanza, le applicazioni, il mercato regionale e il costo. Alla fine del lavoro, il Potenziale Economico delle differenti possibili configurazioni è stato calcolato e la migliore configurazione di processo è stata definita per ogni differente mix di plastica iniziale in alimentazione.
Alkylation and aromatization of waste plastic pyrolysis : a techno-economic assessment.
Rendicini, Chiara
2019/2020
Abstract
Plastic waste is one of the most challenging problems of our society. Thanks to its unique properties, plastic is used for an infinite range of different applications. Every year in Europe, around 27 million tonnes of plastics are collected of which only the 31% is recycled. The rest of it is incinerated or deposed in landfills. It is important to develop different solutions in order to create a plastic circular economy and valorise non-recyclable plastic waste. iCAREPLAST is a European project funded by European Commission Horizon 2020 that has the purpose of developing a cost and energy efficient process that confers a new life to non-recyclable plastics. iCAREPLAST processes include: plastics waste pre-treatment, pyrolysis, fractionating unit and alkylation. The aim of this work is developing a techno-economic analysis able to define the best process configuration between alkylation, aromatization and alkylation after aromatization, once three different plastic mixtures of interest are defined. The first step is the simulation on Aspen of the alkylation block, in addition, an aromatization block has been developed. Aromatization has been studied in order to explore the possibility of performing aromatization before alkylation, to improve its performances or, the possibility of replacing alkylation with aromatization for some initial plastic waste mixtures. Both Aspen Plus simulations are based on bibliographic studies. After the simulations, BTX and alkylaromatic are defined as the major products of the alkylation and aromatization blocks respectively. A market analysis has been made to comprehend the importance, applications, regional market and cost of the possible product molecules. At the end of the work, considering both the outcomes of the Aspen Plus simulation and the market analysis, the Economic Potential of the different possible process configurations have been made and the best process configuration for each initial plastic mixture is selected.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175483