The Italian photovoltaic sector had a crucial development in the years 2007-2013, thanks to the incentive mechanism of the Conto Energia; the thesis work focuses on the assessment of the performances, trends and revamping-opportunities of industrial-size plants (100-1000 kW) supported by this mechanism. The main incentive schemes that have followed each other over the years are studied, in particular the Conto Energia (I-V) and the effects of the "Spalma Incentivi" Decree; then, the Performance Ratio, the main parameter that describes the operating status of a photovoltaic system, is introduced. Subsequently, a statistical research at national level on the considered industrial plants is realized, to assess the average performances of each one starting from the incentives provided. An interesting trend regards the increase of plants equivalent hours from North to South, accompanied by a proportional decrease in average PR, probably due to lower maintenance of the plants and more hostile temperature conditions of the southern area. A sensitivity analysis is then performed: by restoring the optimal PR of the underperforming plants, the energy variation obtainable results 1537.5 GWh at national level, 11.5% more than the current production. Avoided annual CO2 emissions amount to 656.204 tonnes, equivalent to 0.79% of the total annual emissions from electricity generation. Finally, through a general economic analysis, the maximum starting PR is determined so that the PBP of a revamping operation results lower than five years. The values obtained vary in the ranges 0.59-0.65 for the northern area, 0.60-0.66 for the central area and 0.63-0.68 for the southern one.
Il settore fotovoltaico in Italia ha avuto uno sviluppo cruciale negli anni 2007-2013 grazie al meccanismo d’incentivazione del Conto Energia; il lavoro di tesi si concentra sulla valutazione delle performance, dei trend e delle opportunità di revamping degli impianti di dimensioni industriali (100-1000 kW) supportati da questo meccanismo. Vengono studiati i principali schemi di incentivazione che si sono succeduti negli anni, in particolare il Conto Energia (I-V) e gli effetti del Decreto "Spalma Incentivi”; viene poi introdotto il Performance Ratio, parametro principale che descrive lo stato di funzionamento di un impianto fotovoltaico. Successivamente, viene condotta una ricerca statistica a livello nazionale sugli impianti industriali considerati, per valutare le prestazioni medie a partire dagli incentivi erogati; una tendenza interessante riguarda l’aumento delle ore equivalenti degli impianti da Nord a Sud, accompagnato da una proporzionale diminuzione del PR medio, dovuta probabilmente ad una minore manutenzione degli impianti e a condizioni di temperatura più ostili nell’area meridionale. Viene quindi effettuata un'analisi di sensibilità: ristorando il PR ottimale degli impianti sottoperformanti, il delta energetico ottenibile risulta pari a 1537.5 GWh, l'11.5% in più rispetto alla produzione attuale. Le emissioni annuali evitate di CO2 ammontano a 656.204 tonnellate, che equivalgono allo 0.79% delle emissioni totali annue dovute alla produzione di energia elettrica. Infine, tramite un'analisi economica generale, viene determinato il PR iniziale massimo per cui il PBP di un'operazione di revamping risulti inferiore a cinque anni. I valori variano negli intervalli 0.59-0.65 per l'area settentrionale, 0.60-0.66 per l'area centrale e 0.63-0.68 per l'area meridionale.
Performance assessment of industrial-size photovoltaic plants supported by Conto Energia in Italy : trends and revamping opportunities
BERTOLLO, CLAUDIO
2019/2020
Abstract
The Italian photovoltaic sector had a crucial development in the years 2007-2013, thanks to the incentive mechanism of the Conto Energia; the thesis work focuses on the assessment of the performances, trends and revamping-opportunities of industrial-size plants (100-1000 kW) supported by this mechanism. The main incentive schemes that have followed each other over the years are studied, in particular the Conto Energia (I-V) and the effects of the "Spalma Incentivi" Decree; then, the Performance Ratio, the main parameter that describes the operating status of a photovoltaic system, is introduced. Subsequently, a statistical research at national level on the considered industrial plants is realized, to assess the average performances of each one starting from the incentives provided. An interesting trend regards the increase of plants equivalent hours from North to South, accompanied by a proportional decrease in average PR, probably due to lower maintenance of the plants and more hostile temperature conditions of the southern area. A sensitivity analysis is then performed: by restoring the optimal PR of the underperforming plants, the energy variation obtainable results 1537.5 GWh at national level, 11.5% more than the current production. Avoided annual CO2 emissions amount to 656.204 tonnes, equivalent to 0.79% of the total annual emissions from electricity generation. Finally, through a general economic analysis, the maximum starting PR is determined so that the PBP of a revamping operation results lower than five years. The values obtained vary in the ranges 0.59-0.65 for the northern area, 0.60-0.66 for the central area and 0.63-0.68 for the southern one.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2021_04_Bertollo.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175515