The main objective of this paper is to provide an immediate analysis that studies, under different irrigation conditions, the use of water by a crop. Experimental studies have been reported in this work carried out through the main instrument of the whole laboratory setup, the lysimeter. The experiment, which aims at evaluating the efficiency of three different irrigation systems, has a duration of almost two months and can be summarized in two main phases: the first one of real-time measurements collection using a balance, some sensors to evaluate the content of ground water, a thermal imaging camera and a spectrometer; the second phase of data processing, was instead carried out using Excel and Matlab software. First, it was essential to calculate the amount of water lost by underground flow, i.e., by percolation, and the amount of water lost by evapotranspiration due to the photosynthetic activity from each crop, after which, thanks to the images acquired by the thermal imaging camera, it was possible to estimate the growth and production of the plants under observation and use this value for the effective calculation of the indicators that will provide us the efficiency of the use of the water administered through irrigation to the plants. Furthermore, an indicator of the state of health of the crop were calculated. This one is based on the reflectance of the leaves, to be able to base the finals results obtained not only in terms of water saving but also in terms of the stress state of the plants, in order to ensure that the different types of irrigations, despite allowing a more economical use of water, did not affect also this last important aspect.
L'obiettivo del presente elaborato è quello di fornire un’analisi immediata che studi, in regime di diverse condizioni irrigue, l’utilizzo dell’acqua da parte di una coltura. Sono riportati degli studi di tipo sperimentale svolti attraverso lo strumento principale di tutto il setup di laboratorio, ovvero il lisimetro. L’esperimento, che mira alla valutazione dell’efficienza di tre differenti sistemi irrigui, ha durata di quasi due mesi e si può riassumere in due fasi principali: la prima di raccolta delle misure in tempo reale mediante bilancia, sonde per valutare il contenuto d’acqua del terreno, termocamera e spettrometro; la seconda fase, di processamento dei dati, è stata effettuata invece mediante i software Excel e Matlab. Come prima cosa, è stato fondamentale calcolare la quantità d’acqua persa per scorrimento sotterraneo, ovvero per percolazione, e di quella evapotraspirata per attività fotosintetica da ogni coltivazione, dopodiché, grazie alle immagini acquisite da termocamera è stato possibile stimare la crescita e la produzione delle piante in osservazione ed andare ad utilizzare questo valore per il calcolo effettivo di quegli indici che andranno a fornirci l’efficienza dell’utilizzo dell’acqua somministrata tramite irrigazione alla coltura. Si sono inoltre calcolati degli indicatori di stato di salute della coltivazione, in base alla riflettanza delle foglie, in modo da poter basare i risultati ottenuti non solo in termini di risparmio idrico ma anche in termini di stato di stress della pianta, in modo da assicurarci che i diversi tipi di somministrazione, nonostante permettessero un utilizzo più parsimonioso d’acqua, non andassero ad inficiare su questo importante aspetto.
Efficienza di alcune tecniche irrigue in laboratorio : il lisimetro
GREGORIO, ELISA
2020/2021
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to provide an immediate analysis that studies, under different irrigation conditions, the use of water by a crop. Experimental studies have been reported in this work carried out through the main instrument of the whole laboratory setup, the lysimeter. The experiment, which aims at evaluating the efficiency of three different irrigation systems, has a duration of almost two months and can be summarized in two main phases: the first one of real-time measurements collection using a balance, some sensors to evaluate the content of ground water, a thermal imaging camera and a spectrometer; the second phase of data processing, was instead carried out using Excel and Matlab software. First, it was essential to calculate the amount of water lost by underground flow, i.e., by percolation, and the amount of water lost by evapotranspiration due to the photosynthetic activity from each crop, after which, thanks to the images acquired by the thermal imaging camera, it was possible to estimate the growth and production of the plants under observation and use this value for the effective calculation of the indicators that will provide us the efficiency of the use of the water administered through irrigation to the plants. Furthermore, an indicator of the state of health of the crop were calculated. This one is based on the reflectance of the leaves, to be able to base the finals results obtained not only in terms of water saving but also in terms of the stress state of the plants, in order to ensure that the different types of irrigations, despite allowing a more economical use of water, did not affect also this last important aspect.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175693