Italy is urged to comply with very stringent targets, derived from the European Council’s “2030 Framework for Climate and Energy”, with regards to the decarbonisation of the energy sector and penetration of renewable energy sources. The Italian Government has proposed a plan, the “Piano Nazionale per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), which was approved in October 2019, for detailing the actions needed to comply with European targets. The PNIEC sets Italy to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in gross national energy consumption up to 2030, which is a highly ambitious target. In the light of achieving these targets, the Italian authorisation process will need to adequate its authorisation release pace to the one imposed by the European Commission. As a matter of fact, the current process for authorising projects for the construction and operation of renewable energy projects is particularly fragmented and lacks timeliness in the overall procedure. This study was conceived with the objective of deeply understanding the current Italian situation, with concerns to the authorisation process for renewable energy projects, and propose possible corrective solutions to facilitate renewable energy diffusion and ease the achievement of 2030 targets. The first step of the research consisted in the complete evaluation of the PNIEC plan in its decarbonisation dimension, to define which were the actions to be implemented in the upcoming years. The focus was then directed towards the Italian energy balance, from which it was derived the actual share of renewable energy sources on gross energy consumption. After having assessed the level of renewables penetration on Italy, it was decided to analyse the location of current renewable energy plants in the Italian peninsula. It was then firstly introduced the explicit need of new renewable installations, majorly of wind and photovoltaic plants, to comply with the stringent communitarian targets and it was proposed a brief guide that included the most important analyses, including the request for the authorisation permit, necessary for sustaining an investment in RES. The successive section was, then, dedicated to thorough analyses of the current Italian authorisation process with detailed description of all the procedures and enabling titles. The description of Autorizzazione Unica and Provvedimento Autorizzatorio Unico Regionale measures was provided. In addition to that, a section was dedicated to the normative analyses of environmental protection measures, and in particular of the 5 Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale, which is the one that interest renewable energy projects. At this moment, the core element of the research, the database containing all the data concerning wind and photovoltaic projects’ authorisation procedures, was introduced. Firstly, the entire process necessary for the database creation was defined, and then a deep data analysis, which was also divided by means of procedure and location of the project, was performed. The analysis provided very valuable data, which were crucial for drawing the complete picture of the current Italian situation, that sees a very a high number of ongoing procedures and, generally, a system which is blocked by the authorisation process itself, that can be considered as the bottleneck of entire process. In addition to that, the data analysis highlighted the issue of network congestion, which is caused by the concentration of new renewables installations in the southern regions of Italy and Islands. In the end, the data provided by the database were confronted with the ruling normative to assess whether the defined timelines were respected. In conclusion, a solution to prevent the network congestion issue, based on photovoltaic distributed generation and energy communities, was proposed.
All’Italia è chiesto di raggiungere target, derivanti dal “2030 Framework for Climate and Energy” dell’European Council, molto stringenti riguardo alla decarbonizzazione del settore energetico. Il Governo italiano ha proposto un piano, il “Piano Nazionale per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), che è stato approvato nell’Ottobre 2019, e che dettaglia tutte le azioni necessarie per raggiungere gli obiettivi europei. Il PNIEC guida l’Italia a raggiungere il 30% di consumo di energie rinnovabili sul consumo energetico nazionale lordo entro il 2030. Il raggiungimento di questi obiettivi richiede che il sistema autorizzativo italiano, che è particolarmente frammentato e richiede lunghissime tempistiche per l’approvazione dei singoli progetti, velocizzi le tempistiche autorizzative e aumenti il ritmo di rilascio dei titoli abilitativi alla costruzione e all’esercizio degli impianti di produzione energetica da fonte rinnovabile. Questo studio è stato ideato con l’obiettivo di analizzare profondamente la situazione italiana attuale e proporre delle possibili soluzioni correttive che aiutino la diffusione delle energie rinnovabili e facilitino il raggiungimento dei target 2030. Il primo step della ricerca consiste in una completa analisi del piano PNIEC nella sua dimensione di decarbonizzazione, con l’obiettivo di definire chiaramente le azioni da implementare entro il 2030. Il focus sarà poi spostato sul bilancio energetico nazionale italiano, da cui saranno derivati i livelli di produzione di consumo FER italiani. Ci si concentrerà, quindi, sulla localizzazione degli impianti FER in esercizio, per analizzare i diversi livelli produttivi delle varie regioni italiane. A questo punto, sarà resa esplicita la necessità di nuove installazioni di impianti di produzione di energia rinnovabile e verrà proposta una schematica guida che dettaglierà i principali step necessari per sostenere un progetto per la costruzione di un impianto FER. La sezione successiva conterrà, invece, una profonda analisi del sistema autorizzativo italiano attualmente in vigore, con una descrizione dettagliata di tutte le procedure e i titoli abilitativi necessari. Oltre alla descrizione dei procedimenti di Autorizzazione Unica e di Provvedimento Autorizzatorio Unico Regionale, sarà proposta anche un’analisi degli strumenti di protezione ambientale in vigore, con particolare attenzione alla Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale, che è quella che interessa maggiormente l’approvazione di progetti per la costruzione e l’esercizio di impianti di produzione da fonti energetiche rinnovabili. 7 A questo punto verrà introdotto il database, elemento chiave della ricerca, contenente tutti i dati relativi alle procedure autorizzative di progetti di impianti eolici e fotovoltaici. Per prima cosa si definiranno gli step cruciali per la creazione del database, successivamente si effettuerà una dettagliata analisi che metterà in luce i dati chiave della ricerca e aiuterà a definire il quadro autorizzativo italiano attuale, che vede un gran numero di procedure ancora in corso, attualmente bloccate dall’incredibile inerzia del sistema autorizzativo italiano. L’analisi evidenzierà, inoltre, il problema della congestione della rete, causato dalla grande quantità di impianti FER localizzati nel Sud Italia e nelle Isole. In conclusione, verranno proposti degli spunti correttivi sia per armonizzare e semplificare il procedimento autorizzativo, che per risolvere il problema della congestione della rete.
The Italian authorisation process for renewable energy power plants. A deep study on the normative that rules the authorisation of renewable energy power plants and a profound data analysis on the single enabling procedures
Musso, Andrea
2019/2020
Abstract
Italy is urged to comply with very stringent targets, derived from the European Council’s “2030 Framework for Climate and Energy”, with regards to the decarbonisation of the energy sector and penetration of renewable energy sources. The Italian Government has proposed a plan, the “Piano Nazionale per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), which was approved in October 2019, for detailing the actions needed to comply with European targets. The PNIEC sets Italy to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in gross national energy consumption up to 2030, which is a highly ambitious target. In the light of achieving these targets, the Italian authorisation process will need to adequate its authorisation release pace to the one imposed by the European Commission. As a matter of fact, the current process for authorising projects for the construction and operation of renewable energy projects is particularly fragmented and lacks timeliness in the overall procedure. This study was conceived with the objective of deeply understanding the current Italian situation, with concerns to the authorisation process for renewable energy projects, and propose possible corrective solutions to facilitate renewable energy diffusion and ease the achievement of 2030 targets. The first step of the research consisted in the complete evaluation of the PNIEC plan in its decarbonisation dimension, to define which were the actions to be implemented in the upcoming years. The focus was then directed towards the Italian energy balance, from which it was derived the actual share of renewable energy sources on gross energy consumption. After having assessed the level of renewables penetration on Italy, it was decided to analyse the location of current renewable energy plants in the Italian peninsula. It was then firstly introduced the explicit need of new renewable installations, majorly of wind and photovoltaic plants, to comply with the stringent communitarian targets and it was proposed a brief guide that included the most important analyses, including the request for the authorisation permit, necessary for sustaining an investment in RES. The successive section was, then, dedicated to thorough analyses of the current Italian authorisation process with detailed description of all the procedures and enabling titles. The description of Autorizzazione Unica and Provvedimento Autorizzatorio Unico Regionale measures was provided. In addition to that, a section was dedicated to the normative analyses of environmental protection measures, and in particular of the 5 Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale, which is the one that interest renewable energy projects. At this moment, the core element of the research, the database containing all the data concerning wind and photovoltaic projects’ authorisation procedures, was introduced. Firstly, the entire process necessary for the database creation was defined, and then a deep data analysis, which was also divided by means of procedure and location of the project, was performed. The analysis provided very valuable data, which were crucial for drawing the complete picture of the current Italian situation, that sees a very a high number of ongoing procedures and, generally, a system which is blocked by the authorisation process itself, that can be considered as the bottleneck of entire process. In addition to that, the data analysis highlighted the issue of network congestion, which is caused by the concentration of new renewables installations in the southern regions of Italy and Islands. In the end, the data provided by the database were confronted with the ruling normative to assess whether the defined timelines were respected. In conclusion, a solution to prevent the network congestion issue, based on photovoltaic distributed generation and energy communities, was proposed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Musso A._Authorisation process for renewable energy power plants in Italy.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati dal 04/04/2022
Descrizione: Italy is urged to comply with very stringent targets, derived from the European Council’s “2030 Framework for Climate and Energy”, with regards to the decarbonisation of the energy sector and penetration of renewable energy sources. The Italian Government has proposed a plan, the “Piano Nazionale per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), which was approved in October 2019, for detailing the actions needed to comply with European targets. The PNIEC sets Italy to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in gross national energy consumption up to 2030, which is a highly ambitious target. In the light of achieving these targets, the Italian authorisation process will need to adequate its authorisation release pace to the one imposed by the European Commission. As a matter of fact, the current process for authorising projects for the construction and operation of renewable energy projects is particularly fragmented and lacks timeliness in the overall procedure. This study was conceived with the objective of deeply understanding the current Italian situation, with concerns to the authorisation process for renewable energy projects, and propose possible corrective solutions to facilitate renewable energy diffusion and ease the achievement of 2030 targets.
Dimensione
1.5 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.5 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175910