Historically the real estate sector has shown to be a constantly attractive investment asset class despite political and economic turmoil, recently however investors’ portfolios have been put at risk by the effects of climate change on the sector and such financial impact is expected to worsen even further over the next five years. Climate change, in fact, is expected to have its biggest impact on the real estate sector over the next 30 years. Recently, environmental, social and governance (ESG) topics are gaining rising attention and are recently becoming a sustainable trend in shaping the decisions of most investors. Consequently, several institutional investors are already responding to the environmental targets enacted under the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016, in order to manage and mitigate the long-term risks on their portfolios, identify opportunities, create long term value on their assets, and increase their shareholding value. ESG criteria are defined as a set of standards for a company’s/fund’s operations that socially conscious investors use to screen potential investments. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature. Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities where it operates. Governance deals with a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits, internal controls, and shareholder rights. These criteria gave rise to investing in ESG REITs and funds which are portfolios of real assets for which environmental, social and governance factors have been integrated into their business strategy and activities. This means the real assets have been scientifically measured regarding specific environmental criteria to determine how sustainable the portfolio is. ESG investing is fast growing, promising resilience in times of economic and global uncertainties, and becoming an attractive instrument for investors. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the effects of ESG criteria on the financial performance of real estate portfolios and the value of the REITs. The study is focused on the Italian real estate sector. The thesis specifically analyzes the greenness and financial performance indicators of four Italian REITs (SIIQ - Società d’Investimento Immobiliare Quotate) to analyze the uprising theories in previous literature reviews about the relation between greenness of real estate portfolios in REITs with the outperformance in terms of financial results and position. Sustainability key performance indicators in the study are analyzed based on GRESB Real Estate Assessment, which is the investor driven global ESG Benchmark for Real Assets. The results agree with the claims that ESG integration in REITs corresponds to a better financial performance. It is found that in the Italian sector, SIIQ that introduce ESG considerations in their activities and who have higher E score, result in better overall financial performance for both the company and the investors in terms of returns and value. Investing in ESG SIIQ in Italy can be an innovative, long-term value-creating strategy for investors, and Borsa Italiana is supporting this type of the sustainable approach in investments, which can be of benefit for both investors, companies, and the overall economy.
Il settore immobiliare ha sempre mostrato di essere una classe di investimento attraente nonostante le turbolenze politiche ed economiche che ciclicamente si presentano. Recentemente però i portafogli degli investitori sono stati messi a rischio dagli effetti sul settore del cambiamento climatico e tale impatto finanziario è destinato a peggiorare ulteriormente nei prossimi cinque anni. Ci si attende infatti che il cambiamento climatico mostri il suo maggiore impatto sul settore immobiliare nei prossimi 30 anni. Recentemente, i temi ambientali, sociali e di governance (ESG) hanno guadagnato un'attenzione crescente e sono diventati un trend nel plasmare le decisioni della maggior parte degli investitori secondo criteri di sostenibilità. Di conseguenza, diversi investitori istituzionali stanno rispondendo agli obiettivi ambientali stabiliti nell'ambito dell'Accordo di Parigi sul clima nel 2016, al fine di gestire e mitigare i rischi a lungo termine sui loro portafogli, identificare le opportunità, creare valore a lungo termine sui loro beni e aumentare il valore delle loro partecipazioni. I criteri ESG sono definiti come una serie di standard per le operazioni di un'azienda/fondo che gli investitori socialmente consapevoli utilizzano per vagliare i potenziali investimenti. I criteri sociali esaminano la gestione delle con i dipendenti, i fornitori, i clienti e le comunità in cui opera. La governance riguarda la leadership di un'azienda, la retribuzione dei dirigenti, le revisioni, i controlli interni e i diritti degli azionisti. Questi criteri hanno dato origine all'investimento in REITs e fondi ESG che sono portafogli di beni reali per i quali i fattori ambientali, sociali e di governance sono stati integrati nella loro strategia aziendale e nelle loro attività. Questo significa che i beni reali sono stati misurati scientificamente per quanto riguarda specifici criteri ambientali per determinare quanto sia sostenibile il portafoglio. L'investimento ESG è in rapida crescita, promettendo resilienza in tempi di incertezze economiche e globali, e diventando uno strumento attraente per gli investitori. Lo scopo della tesi è quello di indagare gli effetti dei criteri ESG sulla performance finanziaria dei portafogli immobiliari e sul valore dei REIT. Lo studio è focalizzato sul settore immobiliare italiano. La tesi analizza nello specifico gli indicatori di greenness e di performance finanziaria di quattro REITs italiani (SIIQ - Società d’Investimento Immobiliare Quotate) ed esamina le teorie presenti in letteratura per analizzare le teorie in ascesa nelle precedenti revisioni della letteratura sulla relazione tra greenness dei portafogli immobiliari nei REITs e la sovraperformance in termini di risultati finanziari e di posizione. Gli indicatori di performance chiave della sostenibilità nello studio sono analizzati sulla base del GRESB Real Estate Assessment, che è l'ESG Benchmark globale guidato dagli investitori per le attività reali. I risultati concordano con le affermazioni che all'integrazione delle considerazioni ESG nei REITs corrisponde una migliore performance finanziaria. Si scopre che nel settore italiano, le SIIQ che introducono considerazioni ESG nelle loro attività e che hanno un punteggio “E-score” alto, conseguono una migliore performance finanziaria complessiva sia per la società che per gli investitori in termini di rendimento e valore.
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations in real estate investments. Impact of environmental performance disclosure, activities and score on financial performance of SIIQ
Shehab, Amira Raneem
2019/2020
Abstract
Historically the real estate sector has shown to be a constantly attractive investment asset class despite political and economic turmoil, recently however investors’ portfolios have been put at risk by the effects of climate change on the sector and such financial impact is expected to worsen even further over the next five years. Climate change, in fact, is expected to have its biggest impact on the real estate sector over the next 30 years. Recently, environmental, social and governance (ESG) topics are gaining rising attention and are recently becoming a sustainable trend in shaping the decisions of most investors. Consequently, several institutional investors are already responding to the environmental targets enacted under the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016, in order to manage and mitigate the long-term risks on their portfolios, identify opportunities, create long term value on their assets, and increase their shareholding value. ESG criteria are defined as a set of standards for a company’s/fund’s operations that socially conscious investors use to screen potential investments. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature. Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities where it operates. Governance deals with a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits, internal controls, and shareholder rights. These criteria gave rise to investing in ESG REITs and funds which are portfolios of real assets for which environmental, social and governance factors have been integrated into their business strategy and activities. This means the real assets have been scientifically measured regarding specific environmental criteria to determine how sustainable the portfolio is. ESG investing is fast growing, promising resilience in times of economic and global uncertainties, and becoming an attractive instrument for investors. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the effects of ESG criteria on the financial performance of real estate portfolios and the value of the REITs. The study is focused on the Italian real estate sector. The thesis specifically analyzes the greenness and financial performance indicators of four Italian REITs (SIIQ - Società d’Investimento Immobiliare Quotate) to analyze the uprising theories in previous literature reviews about the relation between greenness of real estate portfolios in REITs with the outperformance in terms of financial results and position. Sustainability key performance indicators in the study are analyzed based on GRESB Real Estate Assessment, which is the investor driven global ESG Benchmark for Real Assets. The results agree with the claims that ESG integration in REITs corresponds to a better financial performance. It is found that in the Italian sector, SIIQ that introduce ESG considerations in their activities and who have higher E score, result in better overall financial performance for both the company and the investors in terms of returns and value. Investing in ESG SIIQ in Italy can be an innovative, long-term value-creating strategy for investors, and Borsa Italiana is supporting this type of the sustainable approach in investments, which can be of benefit for both investors, companies, and the overall economy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis Amira Raneem Shehab.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/175912