The present thesis has the aim of showing and analyze the hotel asset class under an investment opportunity point of view, being also one of the most dynamic real estate markets. Indeed, especially in crisis context, as the one we are living due to Covid-19 pandemic, the hospitality sector is one of the first to be affected and , often, it experience exponential impacts, both positive and negative, with the urge, if negative, of fast changes coinciding also with a reshuffle of the players acting on the market. The assessment starts from an overview of the tourism industry, with a worldwide positive trend along the years that made the market grow in an exponentially manner becoming one of the main drivers sector for many Countries’ economies, Italy included, with a two ways relationship with both macro and micro economy. Although the market is in a steady rise, the properties and assets need to be constantly refurbish and kept up to date to meet the need and increase the appetibility towards the customers since the high competition level present in the market and the common risk of losing profitability. Along the text, the hotel sector is analyzed under the investor eyes with a focus on the most common evaluation techniques used, the main tool to manage the hotels and the explanation of the main key performance indexes. After a general view of the sector, a deeper analysis has been carried out on the main European cities and, in particular, on how the pandemic and restrictions affected at first KPIs and afterwards the investment indexes with a change in the investors behavior. The Italian hotel market has been studied in more detail with a map of the assets and their level / quality on the territory and the values of the main data regarding the sector has been illustrate with a subdivision of the market in Primary (Milan, Rome, Venice, Florence) and Secondary. Once analyzed in a “as-it-was” situation (pre pandemic period), the consequences of government’s restriction in the attempt to limit the Covid-19 pandemic have been taken into account with the consequences of change in the investors’ behavior and the lower liquidity in the market that opened the doors to more opportunistic and private players. To conclude, a forecast about future scenario is carried out about the tourism industry in its whole making assumption on how and at which speed it is going to fully recover with possible change in trends that are likely to take place or, others, that have been speed up by the pandemic. In particular two different views have been taken into examination: - Alternative fundraising and management of the asset - Alternative conception of the hotel as asset class to enhance customers’ experience. The two paths, before little used, are becoming, and will become, more and more used to answer to the increase needs of the guests and to the pandemic crisis used as means toward a fast recovery. New technologies, in this scenario, are going to be fundamental as new generations start to travel with the “classical” holiday out of trend in favor of a more dynamic and more “social” and “linked” experience. This created context is favorable to value-add investors entering the market that can leverage on both the discounted price as pandemic results and on the need of refurbishment of the many dated properties all around the Country, often run by small families. The peculiar characteristics of the sector give the possibility to sought these increase in performance and experience in multiple factors such as location, view, interaction, disposal, furnishing, technologies and so on with the scope of finding the so called “blue ocean” to place themselves in a desirable and unique position to decrease competition’s risks and to be little concern about new entrants.
La presente tesi ha lo scopo di mostrare e analizzare l'asset class alberghiera dal punto di vista delle opportunità di investimento, essendo anche uno dei mercati immobiliari più dinamici. Infatti, soprattutto in un contesto di crisi come quello che stiamo vivendo a causa della pandemia di Covid-19, il settore dell'ospitalità è uno dei primi a risentirne e, spesso, subisce impatti esponenziali, sia positivi che negativi, con l'urgenza, se negativo, di rapidi cambiamenti portando inoltre ad un cambiamento degli investitori che agiscono sul mercato. La valutazione parte da una panoramica del settore turistico, con un trend positivo a livello mondiale negli anni, che ha fatto crescere il mercato in maniera esponenziale diventando uno dei principali settori trainanti per le economie di molti Paesi, Italia compresa, con un legame a doppia via con i trend macro e micro economici. Nonostante il mercato sia in costante ascesa, gli immobili necessitano di essere costantemente ristrutturati e aggiornati per soddisfare l'esigenza e aumentare l'appetibilità nei confronti dei clienti visto l'alto livello di concorrenza presente nel mercato e il comune rischio di perdita di redditività. Nelle prossime pagine, il settore alberghiero viene analizzato sotto gli occhi dell'investitore con un focus sulle tecniche di valutazione più comuni utilizzate, gli strumenti principali usati per gestire gli hotel e la spiegazione dei principali indici di performance. Dopo una visione generale del settore, è stata condotta un'analisi più approfondita sulle principali città Europee e, in particolare, su come la pandemia e le restrizioni abbiano influenzato prima i diversi KPI e poi gli indici di investimento con un cambiamento nel comportamento degli investitori. Il mercato alberghiero italiano è stato approfondito con una mappa degli asset e del loro livello/qualità sul territorio e sono stati illustrati i valori dei principali dati relativi al settore con una suddivisione del mercato in Primario (Milano, Roma, Venezia, Firenze) e Secondario. Una volta analizzate in una situazione “as-it-was” (periodo pre-pandemia), sono state prese in considerazione le conseguenze delle restrizioni del governo nel tentativo di limitare la pandemia con le conseguenze del cambiamento nel comportamento degli investitori e la minore liquidità nel mercato che ha aperto le porte a player più opportunistici e privati. Per concludere, viene effettuata una previsione sullo scenario futuro dell'industria turistica nel suo insieme, ipotizzando come e con quale velocità si riprenderà pienamente con il possibile cambiamento delle tendenze che potrebbero verificarsi o, altre, che sono state accelerato dalla pandemia. In particolare sono stati presi in esame due diversi punti di vista: - Raccolta fondi alternativa e gestione del bene - Concezione alternativa dell'hotel come asset class per migliorare l'esperienza dei clienti. Le due strade, prima poco utilizzate, stanno diventando, e diventeranno, sempre più comuni per rispondere alle crescenti esigenze degli ospiti e alla crisi pandemica, utilizzate come mezzi verso una rapida ripresa. Le nuove tecnologie, in questo scenario, saranno fondamentali in quanto le nuove generazioni inizieranno a viaggiare con un cambiamento dalla “classica” vacanza in favore di un'esperienza più dinamica e più social. Questo contesto creato è favorevole all'ingresso sul mercato di investitori a value-add che possono fare leva sia sul prezzo scontato a causa degli esiti della pandemia, sia sulla necessità di ristrutturare i numerosi immobili datati sparsi per il Paese, spesso gestiti da piccole famiglie. Le caratteristiche peculiari del settore danno quindi la possibilità di incrementare le performances attraverso molteplici fattori quali location, visuale, interazione, disposizione, arredamento, tecnologie e quant'altro con lo scopo di trovare il cosiddetto “oceano blu” in cui collocarsi, i.e. una posizione desiderabile e unica per diminuire i rischi della concorrenza.
Hotel sector, real estate investments and COVID-19 impact
Fiameni, Ruben
2020/2021
Abstract
The present thesis has the aim of showing and analyze the hotel asset class under an investment opportunity point of view, being also one of the most dynamic real estate markets. Indeed, especially in crisis context, as the one we are living due to Covid-19 pandemic, the hospitality sector is one of the first to be affected and , often, it experience exponential impacts, both positive and negative, with the urge, if negative, of fast changes coinciding also with a reshuffle of the players acting on the market. The assessment starts from an overview of the tourism industry, with a worldwide positive trend along the years that made the market grow in an exponentially manner becoming one of the main drivers sector for many Countries’ economies, Italy included, with a two ways relationship with both macro and micro economy. Although the market is in a steady rise, the properties and assets need to be constantly refurbish and kept up to date to meet the need and increase the appetibility towards the customers since the high competition level present in the market and the common risk of losing profitability. Along the text, the hotel sector is analyzed under the investor eyes with a focus on the most common evaluation techniques used, the main tool to manage the hotels and the explanation of the main key performance indexes. After a general view of the sector, a deeper analysis has been carried out on the main European cities and, in particular, on how the pandemic and restrictions affected at first KPIs and afterwards the investment indexes with a change in the investors behavior. The Italian hotel market has been studied in more detail with a map of the assets and their level / quality on the territory and the values of the main data regarding the sector has been illustrate with a subdivision of the market in Primary (Milan, Rome, Venice, Florence) and Secondary. Once analyzed in a “as-it-was” situation (pre pandemic period), the consequences of government’s restriction in the attempt to limit the Covid-19 pandemic have been taken into account with the consequences of change in the investors’ behavior and the lower liquidity in the market that opened the doors to more opportunistic and private players. To conclude, a forecast about future scenario is carried out about the tourism industry in its whole making assumption on how and at which speed it is going to fully recover with possible change in trends that are likely to take place or, others, that have been speed up by the pandemic. In particular two different views have been taken into examination: - Alternative fundraising and management of the asset - Alternative conception of the hotel as asset class to enhance customers’ experience. The two paths, before little used, are becoming, and will become, more and more used to answer to the increase needs of the guests and to the pandemic crisis used as means toward a fast recovery. New technologies, in this scenario, are going to be fundamental as new generations start to travel with the “classical” holiday out of trend in favor of a more dynamic and more “social” and “linked” experience. This created context is favorable to value-add investors entering the market that can leverage on both the discounted price as pandemic results and on the need of refurbishment of the many dated properties all around the Country, often run by small families. The peculiar characteristics of the sector give the possibility to sought these increase in performance and experience in multiple factors such as location, view, interaction, disposal, furnishing, technologies and so on with the scope of finding the so called “blue ocean” to place themselves in a desirable and unique position to decrease competition’s risks and to be little concern about new entrants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Fiameni Ruben_HOTEL SECTOR, REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS and COVID 19 IMPACT.pdf
Open Access dal 07/07/2022
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/177338