Companies are encountering increasing demand volatility, price competition, service customization request; all variables that demand a greater degree of innovation, value creation, flexibility and outsourcing alternatives. Together with some other trends as robotic process automation, big data and blockchain, AI has been individualized as a source of competitive change and this explains the shift from novelty to practical workplace applications. In fact, these latter have been researched for years in all business sectors, however, few practical observations were produced, especially for small and medium firms or start-ups. This work aims to identify what is happening in the real context of the workplaces when AI is employed, adopting a bottom-up approach. 17 existing real cases have been directly interviewed to analyse their businesses’ AI applications through 6 main dimensions, specifically: motivations, the degree of participation of workers and the representatives, the role of the Human Machine Interaction (HMI), consideration of ethics in the design process and the impact of the AI system on employment, work and organizations. The first result of the work is the development of a comprehensive dataset including the French use cases analysed directly as well as other 36 cases from 7 different countries taking part to the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). A second result involves qualitative considerations about what is happening in the workplaces where AI has been employed, including social, ethical, and organizational aspects. To mention an example, the so-called “Augmentation” which corresponds to the facilitation of certain activities, such as skill acquisition process, compensation for lack of human expertise to process a large amount of data or instant reaction to received information and anomalies detection and correction.
Le imprese stanno incontrando una crescente volatilità della domanda, competizione sui prezzi, richiesta di personalizzazione del servizio; tutte variabili che richiedono un maggior grado di innovazione, creazione di valore, flessibilità e alternative di outsourcing. Insieme ad alcuni trend come l'automazione dei processi robotici, i big data e la blockchain, l’intelligenza artificiale (AI) è stata individuata come fonte di cambiamento competitivo e questo spiega il passaggio dalla novità alle applicazioni pratiche sul posto di lavoro. In realtà, questi ultimi sono stati studiati per anni in tutti i settori aziendali, tuttavia, poche osservazioni pratiche sono state prodotte, soprattutto per le PMI o le start-up. Questo lavoro mira a identificare ciò che sta accadendo nel contesto reale dei luoghi di lavoro quando l'IA viene impiegata, adottando un approccio bottom-up. 17 casi aziendali sono stati intervistati direttamente per analizzare le applicazioni AI delle loro aziende attraverso 6 dimensioni principali, in particolare: le motivazioni, il grado di partecipazione dei lavoratori e dei rappresentanti, il ruolo della Human Machine Interaction (HMI), la considerazione dell'etica nel processo di progettazione e l'impatto del sistema AI su occupazione, lavoro e organizzazioni. Il primo risultato del lavoro è lo sviluppo di un set di dati completo che include i casi d'uso francesi analizzati direttamente e altri 36 casi da 7 paesi diversi che partecipano al Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). Un secondo risultato comporta considerazioni qualitative su ciò che sta accadendo nei luoghi di lavoro in cui l'IA è stata impiegata, compresi gli aspetti sociali, etici e organizzativi. Per citare un esempio, il cosiddetto "Augmentation" che corrisponde alla facilitazione di alcune attività, come il processo di acquisizione di competenze, la compensazione per la mancanza di competenze umane per elaborare una grande quantità di dati o la reazione istantanea alle informazioni ricevute e il rilevamento e la correzione delle anomalie.
Global partnership on artificial intelligence : the future of work
Saoner, Mirta;FRANCA, GIACOMO
2020/2021
Abstract
Companies are encountering increasing demand volatility, price competition, service customization request; all variables that demand a greater degree of innovation, value creation, flexibility and outsourcing alternatives. Together with some other trends as robotic process automation, big data and blockchain, AI has been individualized as a source of competitive change and this explains the shift from novelty to practical workplace applications. In fact, these latter have been researched for years in all business sectors, however, few practical observations were produced, especially for small and medium firms or start-ups. This work aims to identify what is happening in the real context of the workplaces when AI is employed, adopting a bottom-up approach. 17 existing real cases have been directly interviewed to analyse their businesses’ AI applications through 6 main dimensions, specifically: motivations, the degree of participation of workers and the representatives, the role of the Human Machine Interaction (HMI), consideration of ethics in the design process and the impact of the AI system on employment, work and organizations. The first result of the work is the development of a comprehensive dataset including the French use cases analysed directly as well as other 36 cases from 7 different countries taking part to the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). A second result involves qualitative considerations about what is happening in the workplaces where AI has been employed, including social, ethical, and organizational aspects. To mention an example, the so-called “Augmentation” which corresponds to the facilitation of certain activities, such as skill acquisition process, compensation for lack of human expertise to process a large amount of data or instant reaction to received information and anomalies detection and correction.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/177434