With the increase in development of society and economy, environmental stress is increasing; in particular water pollution has become of the major global challenges that humanity is facing today. Among the new technologies for pollution depletion, photocatalysis is found to be an environmentally friendly technique for an effective degradation of organic pollutants both in liquid and in gas phase. The aim of this thesis work is the synthesis of self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubular arrays (TiO2 NTs) through anodizing in order to enhance photocatalytic performance under both UV and visible light irradiation. Specifically, nitrogen doping of TiO2 NTs was performed through anodizing in suitable electrolytes in order to narrow the TiO2 band gap, thereby shifting the optical response towards visible region. Moreover, electrochemical reduction of anodized TiO2 NTs was performed in order to induce surface defects, thus obtaining black TiO2 (B-TiO2) NTs which should enhance the photocatalytic performance under visible light. The results showed that N-doped TiO2 NTs have not a significant photoactive response under visible light as expected. The obtained B-TiO2 NTs were not stable as expected, but they showed a better photoactive response under visible light irradiation compared to N-doped TiO2 NTs. All the anodized, doped and reduced TiO2 NTs showed a good photocatalytic performance on photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV light irradiation, suggesting the need of further analyses to improve the visible light activation of these photocatalysts. This thesis is divided into four main chapters as follows: Chapter 1 provides a general overview on water pollution and photocatalysis. TiO2 properties, anodization technique and electrochemical doping are described in detail. Chapter 2 presents the experimental procedures followed for the synthesis of undoped and doped TiO2 NTs, and for performing photocatalytic tests. Chapter 3 is focused on the discussion of results focusing on both SEM and XRD characterizations and photocatalytic process kinetics under UV and visible light irradiation. Chapter 4 focuses on conclusion of this research work.
Con il crescente sviluppo socio-economico, lo stress ambientale aumenta; in particolare l'inquinamento idrico è diventato una delle maggiori sfide globali che oggi l'umanità deve affrontare. Tra le nuove tecnologie per ridurre l’inquinamento, la fotocatalisi è una tecnica ecocompatibile ed efficace nella degradazione degli inquinanti organici sia in fase liquida che gassosa. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è la sintesi di array di nanotubi auto-assemblati di biossido di titanio (TiO2 NTs) mediante anodizzazione al fine di migliorare le prestazioni fotocatalitiche sotto irraggiamento UV e visibile. In particolare, il drogaggio con azoto dei nanotubi è stato eseguito mediante anodizzazione in elettroliti idonei al fine di ridurre il band gap della TiO2, spostando così l’assorbimento ottico verso il visibile. Inoltre, è stata eseguita la riduzione elettrochimica dei nanotubi al fine di indurre difetti superficiali, ottenendo nanotubi in TiO2 nero (B-TiO2) al fine di migliorare la fotoattività nel visibile. I risultati hanno mostrato che i nanotubi drogati con azoto non hanno una significativa fotoattività sotto luce visibile come previsto. I nanotubi in B-TiO2 ottenuti non erano stabili, ma hanno mostrato una migliore fottoattività sotto irradiazione visibile rispetto a quelli drogati con azoto. Tutti i nanotubi anodizzati, drogati e ridotti hanno mostrato una buona fotoattività nella fotodegradazione della Rodamina B sotto irraggiamento UV, suggerendo la necessità di ulteriori analisi per migliorare l'attivazione sotto luce visibile. Questa tesi è suddivisa in quattro capitoli come segue: Il capitolo 1 fornisce una panoramica generale sull'inquinamento idrico e sulla fotocatalisi. Le proprietà della TiO2, la tecnica di anodizzazione e il drogaggio elettrochimico sono descritti in dettaglio. Il capitolo 2 presenta le procedure sperimentali seguite per la sintesi dei nanotubi (drogati e non) e per l'esecuzione dei test di fotocatalisi. Il capitolo 3 è incentrato sulla discussione dei risultati, ovvero le caratterizzazioni SEM e XRD e la cinetica del processo fotocatalitico sotto irraggiamento UV e visibile. Il capitolo 4 si concentra sulla conclusione di questo lavoro di ricerca.
Nanotubular TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants under UV and visible light
SHINNUR, MANJUNATH VEERANNA
2020/2021
Abstract
With the increase in development of society and economy, environmental stress is increasing; in particular water pollution has become of the major global challenges that humanity is facing today. Among the new technologies for pollution depletion, photocatalysis is found to be an environmentally friendly technique for an effective degradation of organic pollutants both in liquid and in gas phase. The aim of this thesis work is the synthesis of self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubular arrays (TiO2 NTs) through anodizing in order to enhance photocatalytic performance under both UV and visible light irradiation. Specifically, nitrogen doping of TiO2 NTs was performed through anodizing in suitable electrolytes in order to narrow the TiO2 band gap, thereby shifting the optical response towards visible region. Moreover, electrochemical reduction of anodized TiO2 NTs was performed in order to induce surface defects, thus obtaining black TiO2 (B-TiO2) NTs which should enhance the photocatalytic performance under visible light. The results showed that N-doped TiO2 NTs have not a significant photoactive response under visible light as expected. The obtained B-TiO2 NTs were not stable as expected, but they showed a better photoactive response under visible light irradiation compared to N-doped TiO2 NTs. All the anodized, doped and reduced TiO2 NTs showed a good photocatalytic performance on photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV light irradiation, suggesting the need of further analyses to improve the visible light activation of these photocatalysts. This thesis is divided into four main chapters as follows: Chapter 1 provides a general overview on water pollution and photocatalysis. TiO2 properties, anodization technique and electrochemical doping are described in detail. Chapter 2 presents the experimental procedures followed for the synthesis of undoped and doped TiO2 NTs, and for performing photocatalytic tests. Chapter 3 is focused on the discussion of results focusing on both SEM and XRD characterizations and photocatalytic process kinetics under UV and visible light irradiation. Chapter 4 focuses on conclusion of this research work.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/177525