The historical ensemble of the city of Perast differs from other coastal settlements due to its dense structure and clear border to the natural environment in Boka Bay, Montenegro. Although it was never surrounded by walls, this architectural formation manifests urbanity which is contained in its social composition, domination of the nobility, higher clergy and wealthy citizens, ship owners and sailors. Autonomy of the commune was conquered at the two-century boundary of the two worlds: Christian-Venetian in the city itself and Islamic-Turkish in neighboring Risan and Herceg Novi. Its geographical position at the entrance to the Kotor bay of Boka, with its fleet, naval experience and a kind of diplomacy, contributed decisively Perast to the push of the Turkish force inland until the decisive victory of the Alliance in the second half of the seventeenth century. The closed nature of the formation is one of the most important features of the compact urban ensemble of Perast. In the driveways Kotor - Risan bay, either by sea through Verige or by roads along the coast, panorama of Perast is indicated as the central motif of this urban area. Its parent elements are: island of St. George and the island of Our Lady of Scarpello, baroque palaces in the coastal row, dense cascade formation along steep slopes, with a bell tower in the center and a fortification at the top of Sv. Elijah, city squares, as well as the families’ gardens. Baroque exposition that was realized in other places during the construction of individual palaces, parish churches and monasteries, here it permeated the whole city fabric. Thus preserved urban matrix of the whole city with an urban structure represents one of the most significant values of Perast. After the earthquake of 1667 and the expulsion of the Turks from the banks of the Boka, it turned out to be a period of Baroque flourishing. The city of Perast completed its urban appearance with the construction of Baroque palaces and monasteries that belonged to the most important families of that time, and among which there stand out complexes of Zmajević, Smecchia, Mazarovic and Bronza families. Consequently, standing today, in the XIX century, among these monuments of decaying human glory and unique vistas is the resting of the spirit in the struggle of life, an open book of the glorious past but also incentive to work in the future, as these represent undoubtedly a favorable basis for further improvement of the tourist offer in the direction of forming a competitive cultural tourist product. In that context, recognition of economic, social, cultural and spatial impact of cultural tourism on economic and cultural growth, as well as analysis of the UNESCO guidelines, local development and planning documents and resources, are certainly initial steps in creating a clear concept in defining strategic priorities and a plan of further activities. The main aim of the following project is to ensure effective protection and improve the importance of a UNESCO World Heritage site of the city of Perast in Montenegro, through the establishment of a comprehensive management plan. It is this plan, which tries to set the framework for integrated and proactive management, which promotes values, heritage resources and their future use. Therefore, the project promotes the general idea of ensuring that through the inherited patrimony, we can achieve an active function in a collective life, while at the same time integrating the achievements of our time with the cultural values and natural goods of the past, in attempt to transcend them altogether to the foreigners, to the future generations of the local community but also to the citizens of Montenegro as a whole.
L'insieme storico della città di Perast differisce dagli altri insediamenti costieri per la sua struttura densa e il chiaro confine con l'ambiente naturale nella baia di Boka, in Montenegro. Pur non essendo mai stata cinta da mura, questa formazione architettonica manifesta un'urbanità contenuta nella sua composizione sociale, dominazione della nobiltà, dell'alto clero e dei ricchi cittadini, armatori e marinai. L'autonomia del comune fu conquistata al confine bicentenario dei due mondi: cristiano-veneziano nella stessa città e islamo-turco nelle vicine Risan e Herceg Novi. La sua posizione geografica all'ingresso della baia di Cattaro di Boka, con la sua flotta, l'esperienza navale e una sorta di diplomazia, contribuì in modo decisivo a Perast alla spinta delle forze turche nell'entroterra fino alla decisiva vittoria dell'Alleanza nella seconda metà del XVII secolo. La natura chiusa della formazione è una delle caratteristiche più importanti del compatto insieme urbano di Perast. Nelle strade carrabili Kotor - baia di Risan, sia via mare attraverso Verige che per strade lungo la costa, il panorama di Perast è indicato come il motivo centrale di questa area urbana. I suoi elementi principali sono: l'isola di San Giorgio e l'isola di Nostra Signora di Scarpello, palazzi barocchi nella fila costiera, densa formazione a cascata lungo ripidi pendii, con un campanile al centro e una fortificazione in cima a Sv. Elia, le piazze della città, così come i giardini delle famiglie. Esposizione barocca che fu realizzata in altri luoghi durante la costruzione di singoli palazzi, pievi e monasteri, qui permeava l'intero tessuto cittadino. La matrice urbana così conservata dell'intera città con una struttura urbana rappresenta uno dei valori più significativi di Perast. Dopo il terremoto del 1667 e la cacciata dei turchi dalle rive del Boka, si rivelò un periodo di fioritura barocca. La città di Perast completò il suo aspetto urbanistico con la costruzione di palazzi barocchi e monasteri appartenuti alle famiglie più importanti dell'epoca, tra cui spiccano i complessi delle famiglie Zmajević, Smecchia, Mazarovic e Bronza. Di conseguenza, in piedi oggi, nel XIX secolo, tra questi monumenti di decadente gloria umana e panorami unici è il riposo dello spirito nella lotta della vita, un libro aperto del glorioso passato ma anche un incentivo a lavorare nel futuro, come questi rappresentano indubbiamente una base favorevole per un ulteriore miglioramento dell'offerta turistica nella direzione di formare un prodotto turistico culturale competitivo. In tale contesto, il riconoscimento dell'impatto economico, sociale, culturale e territoriale del turismo culturale sulla crescita economica e culturale, nonché l'analisi delle linee guida UNESCO, dei documenti e delle risorse di sviluppo e pianificazione locale, sono certamente i primi passi nella creazione di un concetto chiaro in definire le priorità strategiche e un piano di ulteriori attività. L'obiettivo principale del seguente progetto è garantire una protezione efficace e migliorare l'importanza di un sito Patrimonio dell'Umanità dell'UNESCO della città di Perast in Montenegro, attraverso l'istituzione di un piano di gestione globale. È questo piano, che cerca di stabilire il quadro per una gestione integrata e proattiva, che promuove i valori, le risorse del patrimonio e il loro uso futuro. Pertanto, il progetto promuove l'idea generale di garantire che attraverso il patrimonio ereditato si possa svolgere una funzione attiva nella vita collettiva, integrando al tempo stesso le conquiste del nostro tempo con i valori culturali e i beni naturali del passato, in tentativo di trascenderli del tutto agli stranieri, alle future generazioni della comunità locale ma anche ai cittadini del Montenegro nel suo insieme.
Implementation of UNESCO guidelines through the analysis of thematic urban units of the city of Perast in Montenegro
BULATOVIC, DANILO
2020/2021
Abstract
The historical ensemble of the city of Perast differs from other coastal settlements due to its dense structure and clear border to the natural environment in Boka Bay, Montenegro. Although it was never surrounded by walls, this architectural formation manifests urbanity which is contained in its social composition, domination of the nobility, higher clergy and wealthy citizens, ship owners and sailors. Autonomy of the commune was conquered at the two-century boundary of the two worlds: Christian-Venetian in the city itself and Islamic-Turkish in neighboring Risan and Herceg Novi. Its geographical position at the entrance to the Kotor bay of Boka, with its fleet, naval experience and a kind of diplomacy, contributed decisively Perast to the push of the Turkish force inland until the decisive victory of the Alliance in the second half of the seventeenth century. The closed nature of the formation is one of the most important features of the compact urban ensemble of Perast. In the driveways Kotor - Risan bay, either by sea through Verige or by roads along the coast, panorama of Perast is indicated as the central motif of this urban area. Its parent elements are: island of St. George and the island of Our Lady of Scarpello, baroque palaces in the coastal row, dense cascade formation along steep slopes, with a bell tower in the center and a fortification at the top of Sv. Elijah, city squares, as well as the families’ gardens. Baroque exposition that was realized in other places during the construction of individual palaces, parish churches and monasteries, here it permeated the whole city fabric. Thus preserved urban matrix of the whole city with an urban structure represents one of the most significant values of Perast. After the earthquake of 1667 and the expulsion of the Turks from the banks of the Boka, it turned out to be a period of Baroque flourishing. The city of Perast completed its urban appearance with the construction of Baroque palaces and monasteries that belonged to the most important families of that time, and among which there stand out complexes of Zmajević, Smecchia, Mazarovic and Bronza families. Consequently, standing today, in the XIX century, among these monuments of decaying human glory and unique vistas is the resting of the spirit in the struggle of life, an open book of the glorious past but also incentive to work in the future, as these represent undoubtedly a favorable basis for further improvement of the tourist offer in the direction of forming a competitive cultural tourist product. In that context, recognition of economic, social, cultural and spatial impact of cultural tourism on economic and cultural growth, as well as analysis of the UNESCO guidelines, local development and planning documents and resources, are certainly initial steps in creating a clear concept in defining strategic priorities and a plan of further activities. The main aim of the following project is to ensure effective protection and improve the importance of a UNESCO World Heritage site of the city of Perast in Montenegro, through the establishment of a comprehensive management plan. It is this plan, which tries to set the framework for integrated and proactive management, which promotes values, heritage resources and their future use. Therefore, the project promotes the general idea of ensuring that through the inherited patrimony, we can achieve an active function in a collective life, while at the same time integrating the achievements of our time with the cultural values and natural goods of the past, in attempt to transcend them altogether to the foreigners, to the future generations of the local community but also to the citizens of Montenegro as a whole.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/177627