Often mountain, isolated, sparsely populated, or rural areas have been neglected by scholars and policymakers in climate change policy discussions, but these areas can have interesting potential when assessing a capillary transition to renewable energy exploitation, especially considering the increasing global demand of energy. In the last few years, the European Union promoted initiatives favouring these areas, as the INTERREG project “Smart Alpine Space”, focused on the Smart Villages concept, which is complementary to Smart Cities but concerning little communities, and as the Clean Energy Package, which amongst other initiatives contains rules regarding energy communities. With this thesis work, a real case study focused on the application of these two tools is analysed, which promotes citizens participation to a wide range of collective actions in the community and promote an informed and shared usage of energy. From a collaboration between Poliedra, consortium of Politecnico di Milano, and Valle d’Aosta, a real case study of Smart Villages’ approach was implemented in the Region, and the results, evaluated through a ranking method, confirmed the regional commitment in reaching the ambitious objectives of becoming carbon and fossil fuel free by 2040. Then, the work moved to a local level, submitting a Smartness Assessment to Grand Paradis Unité des Communes, which highlighted the willingness of the territory in increasing renewable energy production. Acknowledged by this political will, in the same test area the two municipalities of Avise and Arvier were selected for comparing in a long-term analysis the economic benefits of a different Italian transposition of regulations and directives expressed in the Clean Energy Package, in particular considering the possibility to users of different secondary substations to become members of the same energy community. A previous developed model was adapted to this case and was used to simulate energy fluxes between the users and the relative cash flows. Thanks to a MILP optimization for each case the optimal installation capacity of PV panels and storage systems was determined. Then, the possibility of partially or totally supporting the decarbonization of heating systems was investigated.
Spesso le aree montane, isolate, scarsamente popolate o rurali sono state trascurate dalla comunità scientifica e dai decisori politici nella trattazione delle norme sul cambiamento climatico, ma queste aree possono avere un potenziale interessante nel contesto della transizione energetica, specialmente considerando la crescente domanda globale di energia. Negli ultimi anni, l’Unione Europea ha promosso iniziative a favore di queste aree, quali il progetto INTERREG “Smart Alpine Space" che si focalizza sull’idea di Smart Village, concetto complementare alle Smart Cities per quanto riguarda le piccole comunità, e il Clean Energy Package, che fornisce ai cittadini anche una regolamentazione in materia di comunità energetiche. Con questo lavoro di tesi si analizza un caso di applicazione reale di questi due strumenti, i quali incoraggiano la partecipazione dei cittadini alle attività della comunità e promuovono un consumo consapevole e condiviso dell’energia. Da una collaborazione tra Poliedra, consorzio del Politecnico di Milano, e la regione Valle d’Aosta, è stato implementato nella regione un caso reale di approccio Smart Villages, i cui risultati sono stati trattati tramite un metodo di ranking e hanno confermato l’impegno regionale a raggiungere gli ambiziosi obiettivi di diventare carbon e fossil fuel free per il 2040. Il lavoro è stato portato avanti a livello locale, con uno Smartness Assessment inviato all’Unité des Communes Grand Paradis, che ha evidenziato la volontà del territorio di aumentare la sua produzione di energia rinnovabile. Forti di questa volontà politica, nella medesima area i due comuni di Avise e Arvier sono stati selezionati per simulare un caso reale di comunità energetica: è stata fatta una analisi di lungo periodo sui benefici economici di una diversa trasposizione italiana delle normative espresse nelle direttive del Clean Energy Package, in particolare introducendo la possibilità ad utenti di cabine secondarie diverse di essere membri della stessa comunità energetica. Un modello precedentemente sviluppato è stato adattato a questo caso ed è stato utilizzato per simulare i flussi di energia tra gli utenti e i relativi flussi di cassa. Tramite un’ottimizzazione MILP si sono determinati in ogni casistica l’installazione della capacità ottimale dei pannelli fotovoltaici e dei sistemi di immagazzinamento dell’energia. Inoltre, è stata approfondita la possibilità di supportare parzialmente o totalmente la decarbonizzazione del riscaldamento nei due comuni.
Smart villages and energy communities : a real case study in Valle d'Aosta
Guarneri, Elena
2020/2021
Abstract
Often mountain, isolated, sparsely populated, or rural areas have been neglected by scholars and policymakers in climate change policy discussions, but these areas can have interesting potential when assessing a capillary transition to renewable energy exploitation, especially considering the increasing global demand of energy. In the last few years, the European Union promoted initiatives favouring these areas, as the INTERREG project “Smart Alpine Space”, focused on the Smart Villages concept, which is complementary to Smart Cities but concerning little communities, and as the Clean Energy Package, which amongst other initiatives contains rules regarding energy communities. With this thesis work, a real case study focused on the application of these two tools is analysed, which promotes citizens participation to a wide range of collective actions in the community and promote an informed and shared usage of energy. From a collaboration between Poliedra, consortium of Politecnico di Milano, and Valle d’Aosta, a real case study of Smart Villages’ approach was implemented in the Region, and the results, evaluated through a ranking method, confirmed the regional commitment in reaching the ambitious objectives of becoming carbon and fossil fuel free by 2040. Then, the work moved to a local level, submitting a Smartness Assessment to Grand Paradis Unité des Communes, which highlighted the willingness of the territory in increasing renewable energy production. Acknowledged by this political will, in the same test area the two municipalities of Avise and Arvier were selected for comparing in a long-term analysis the economic benefits of a different Italian transposition of regulations and directives expressed in the Clean Energy Package, in particular considering the possibility to users of different secondary substations to become members of the same energy community. A previous developed model was adapted to this case and was used to simulate energy fluxes between the users and the relative cash flows. Thanks to a MILP optimization for each case the optimal installation capacity of PV panels and storage systems was determined. Then, the possibility of partially or totally supporting the decarbonization of heating systems was investigated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/177800