As cleaner fuel options are gaining growing attention, natural gas and biomethane can become central in the transition towards a more sustainable mobility. Aftertreatment systems for natural gas vehicles (NGVs) feature honeycomb monolithic catalysts, which reduce the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx. The stability of methane, however, makes it challenging to abate it at temperatures in the range of 400-550 °C, typical of the exhausts of a NGV. In this thesis work, the performances of a commercial Pd-Rh/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated. The study relied on the spatially resolved sampling technique to evaluate axial concentration and temperature profiles. Experiments were conducted varying the feed equivalence ratio to understand the differences between lean and rich regimes. Furthermore, focus was put on catalyst deactivation and the strategy to maintain the methane conversion stable in time. The effect of reaction temperature was also studied. Moreover, the impact of the sampling probe on the composition profiles was briefly evaluated by means of an analytical model described in literature. Obtained results highlighted that higher CH4 conversion levels are attained under slightly rich conditions. Furthermore, concentration profiles suggested the existence of an oxygen partial pressure threshold below which the catalyst exhibits an increased activity towards methane combustion.
Alla luce della crescente attenzione riservata a combustibili più puliti, il gas naturale e il biometano possono assumere un ruolo di primo piano nella transizione verso una mobilità sostenibile. I sistemi di post-trattamento dei veicoli alimentati a gas naturale si avvalgono di catalizzatori dalla struttura monolitica a nido d’ape che riducono le emissioni di idrocarburi incombusti, CO e NOx. La stabilità del metano, tuttavia, rende difficoltoso il suo abbattimento a temperature tra 400 e 550 °C, tipiche dei gas di scarico di un veicolo a gas naturale. Nel presente lavoro di tesi, sono state esaminate le prestazioni di un catalizzatore commerciale a base di Pd-Rh/Al2O3. Lo studio si è avvalso di misure in situ al fine di raccogliere profili assiali di concentrazione e temperatura. Gli esperimenti sono stati condotti variando il rapporto di equivalenza in ingresso al fine di comprendere le differenze tra regime magro e ricco. Inoltre, è stato dato risalto al fenomeno della disattivazione e alla strategia per mantenere la conversione di metano stabile nel tempo. È stato altresì investigato l’effetto della temperatura. In aggiunta, avvalendosi di un modello descritto in letteratura, è stato brevemente valutato l’impatto della sonda di campionamento sui profili di concentrazione. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che in condizioni leggermente ricche si raggiungono più alti livelli di conversione di CH4. Inoltre, i profili di concentrazione hanno suggerito l’esistenza di una soglia di pressione parziale di ossigeno al di sotto della quale il catalizzatore manifesta una maggiore attività nei confronti della combustione di metano.
Low-temperature oxidation of methane on Pd-based monolith catalysts : spatially resolved concentration and temperature profiles
Pagliari, Michele
2020/2021
Abstract
As cleaner fuel options are gaining growing attention, natural gas and biomethane can become central in the transition towards a more sustainable mobility. Aftertreatment systems for natural gas vehicles (NGVs) feature honeycomb monolithic catalysts, which reduce the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx. The stability of methane, however, makes it challenging to abate it at temperatures in the range of 400-550 °C, typical of the exhausts of a NGV. In this thesis work, the performances of a commercial Pd-Rh/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated. The study relied on the spatially resolved sampling technique to evaluate axial concentration and temperature profiles. Experiments were conducted varying the feed equivalence ratio to understand the differences between lean and rich regimes. Furthermore, focus was put on catalyst deactivation and the strategy to maintain the methane conversion stable in time. The effect of reaction temperature was also studied. Moreover, the impact of the sampling probe on the composition profiles was briefly evaluated by means of an analytical model described in literature. Obtained results highlighted that higher CH4 conversion levels are attained under slightly rich conditions. Furthermore, concentration profiles suggested the existence of an oxygen partial pressure threshold below which the catalyst exhibits an increased activity towards methane combustion.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/179452