The personal discovery of abandoned military fortification during the exploration of Barbariga’s coast, located in the Istria peninsula of Croatia opened a question regarding the possibility to give a new purpose, define a new identity and predict new functions for the abandoned forts. The thesis proposes a strategic project for the municipality of Bale that aims to ensure the preservation of the forts through conservation, inclusion of new uses, and the definition of thematic systems. These actions will ensure the architectural structures continuity over time, the enhancement of natural and architectural heritage, and the valorization of the cultural and economic resources that define the territory. These spaces are developed as new centralities that will constitute the new “forum”, an open public space accessible to citizens and tourists where recreational and educational activity can be engaged. The thesis opens with the narration of historical events that led to the creation of Istrian cultural identity and the formation of the military architectural heritage which is concentrated in the southern part of the peninsula, headquarter of the Austrian military port in the 19th century. At the center of the research is presented a territorial analysis of Istria which gives an overall image of the peninsula: an image made of infrastructure, protected landscape, natural wonders, pictoresq historical centers, small rural economies and tangible and intangible resources. Action and programs have been developed by the region in order to safeguard but also innovate and promote at the local and European level the richness of the territory. The efforts resulted in the candidacy of the city of Pula as Capital of Culture 2020 and the implementation of Interreg European programs. The spatial urban plans, defined by the municipalities, classify the fortified military heritage as architectural elements to be preserved and maintained, but due to the lack of economic resources or inadequate management and interventions the forts are still abandoned. In some cases economical interest led to the privatization and re-use of military forts and surrounding areas, but often led to a process of excessive “touristification” and devaluation of the historical value. The study of virtuous European examples and programs focused on the regeneration of military fortifications gave interesting insight and ideas to deal with them. The research conducted on the New Dutch Water Line and Krakow Fortress Trail project underline the focal role that forts assume in the urban context, they became part of a system of resources used to promote sustainable tourism based on culture and recreational activities. Moreover, it is important to underline the attention given to the landscape and its peculiarities while implementing projects that mainly involve conservation, the inclusion of new uses and the creation of cyclepaths and pedestrian connections. The thesis tries to give an alternative way, a “third way”. It represents a different scenario to touristification , privatization and merely conservation. The strategic project proposes to connect nature, production, heritage, culture, leisure and tourism. The new public space will give an impulse to the territory while respecting and valorizing memories of the past. Something that was forgotten, abandoned, and destined to destruction will embrace new uses and be open to the community in order to be transform “from the fort to the forum”.
L’esplorazione della costa istriana nei pressi del piccolo centro urbano di Barbariga ha portato alla scoperta delle fortificazioni militari risalenti al periodo della dominazione austroungarica in istria. Questo avvenimento ha aperto una riflessione riguardo la possibilità di dare una nuovo scopo, definire una nuova identità e prevedere nuove funzioni per le architetture militari.La tesi propone, tramite un progetto strategico per il comune di Bale, di dare una continuità ai forti tramite azioni di conservazione, l’inserimento di nuovi usi, e la definizione di sistemi tematici.Tali azioni garantiranno la conservazione delle architettoniche nel tempo, la valorizzazione del patrimonio naturale e culturale, e la promozione delle risorse culturali ed economiche che definiscono il territorio. Questi spazi verranno sviluppati come centralità che costituiranno i nuovi “forum”, spazi pubblici attrezzati per il tempo libero fruibili dai cittadini e turisti. La tesi si apre con la narrazione degli eventi storici che hanno portato alla creazione dell’identità culturale istriana e alla formazione del patrimonio architettonico militare concentrato nella parte meridionale della penisola, sede del porto militare austriaco nel XIX secolo. Al centro della ricerca viene presentata un’analisi territoriale dell’Istria che fornisce un’immagine complessiva della penisola, un’immagine costituita da assi infrastrutturali, paesaggi protetti, meraviglie naturali, centri storici pittoreschi, piccole economie rurali e da un ricco patrimonio materiali e immateriali. La regione istriana ha sviluppato azioni e programmi volti alla salvaguardia, all’innovazione e promozione delle ricchezza territoriali a livello locale e europeo. Gli sforzi intrapresi volti al raggiungimento di tali scopi hanno portato alla candidatura della città di Pola come Capitale della Cultura 2020 e all’attuazione dei programmi europei Interreg. I piani urbani definiti dai comuni classificano il patrimonio militare fortificato come elementi architettonici da preservare e mantenere, ma a causa di limitate risorse economiche, un’inadeguata gestione da parte delle amministrazioni e un mancato intervento, i forti sono tuttora abbandonati. In alcuni casi l’interesse economico ha portato alla privatizzazione delle architetture militari e delle aree pertinenziali al fine di realizzare ampie strutture ricettive, spesso questo processo ha portato ad un’eccessiva “turistificazione”. L’analisi di virtuosi casi studi e programmi europei incentrati sulla rigenerazione delle fortificazioni militari ha fornito spunti di riflessione per la definizione del progetto strategico attento al valore del patrimonio architettonico e culturale. Le ricerche condotte sui progetti New Dutch Water Line e Krakow Fortress Trail hanno sottolineato il ruolo centrale che i forti assumono nel contesto urbano. Essi appartengono ad un complesso sistema di risorse utilizzate per promuovere il turismo sostenibile basato sulla cultura e attività ricreative. Inoltre è significativa l’attenzione che è stata rivolta al paesaggio e alle sue peculiarità, i progetti di ri-uso prevedeno principalmente la conservazione, l’inclusione di nuove destinazioni d’uso e la creazione di collegamenti ciclo-pedonali. La tesi cerca di dare una via alternativa, una “terza via”. Lo scenario proposto si contrappone alla privatizzazione e mira alla realizzazione di nuovo spazio pubblico volto al turismo, ricreazione, educazione e produzione in grado di dare impulso al territorio rispettando e valorizzando le memorie del passato. ll progetto strategico considera ciò che è dimenticato, abbandonato e destinato alla distruzione e lo trasforma “dal forte al forum”.
From the fort to the forum. A strategic proposal for the re-use and renewal of the Istrian military heritage
Lasagni, Ludovica
2020/2021
Abstract
The personal discovery of abandoned military fortification during the exploration of Barbariga’s coast, located in the Istria peninsula of Croatia opened a question regarding the possibility to give a new purpose, define a new identity and predict new functions for the abandoned forts. The thesis proposes a strategic project for the municipality of Bale that aims to ensure the preservation of the forts through conservation, inclusion of new uses, and the definition of thematic systems. These actions will ensure the architectural structures continuity over time, the enhancement of natural and architectural heritage, and the valorization of the cultural and economic resources that define the territory. These spaces are developed as new centralities that will constitute the new “forum”, an open public space accessible to citizens and tourists where recreational and educational activity can be engaged. The thesis opens with the narration of historical events that led to the creation of Istrian cultural identity and the formation of the military architectural heritage which is concentrated in the southern part of the peninsula, headquarter of the Austrian military port in the 19th century. At the center of the research is presented a territorial analysis of Istria which gives an overall image of the peninsula: an image made of infrastructure, protected landscape, natural wonders, pictoresq historical centers, small rural economies and tangible and intangible resources. Action and programs have been developed by the region in order to safeguard but also innovate and promote at the local and European level the richness of the territory. The efforts resulted in the candidacy of the city of Pula as Capital of Culture 2020 and the implementation of Interreg European programs. The spatial urban plans, defined by the municipalities, classify the fortified military heritage as architectural elements to be preserved and maintained, but due to the lack of economic resources or inadequate management and interventions the forts are still abandoned. In some cases economical interest led to the privatization and re-use of military forts and surrounding areas, but often led to a process of excessive “touristification” and devaluation of the historical value. The study of virtuous European examples and programs focused on the regeneration of military fortifications gave interesting insight and ideas to deal with them. The research conducted on the New Dutch Water Line and Krakow Fortress Trail project underline the focal role that forts assume in the urban context, they became part of a system of resources used to promote sustainable tourism based on culture and recreational activities. Moreover, it is important to underline the attention given to the landscape and its peculiarities while implementing projects that mainly involve conservation, the inclusion of new uses and the creation of cyclepaths and pedestrian connections. The thesis tries to give an alternative way, a “third way”. It represents a different scenario to touristification , privatization and merely conservation. The strategic project proposes to connect nature, production, heritage, culture, leisure and tourism. The new public space will give an impulse to the territory while respecting and valorizing memories of the past. Something that was forgotten, abandoned, and destined to destruction will embrace new uses and be open to the community in order to be transform “from the fort to the forum”.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/179623