In the very advanced and fast-moving world, the customer shopping behaviors are changing. Many people move towards the online shopping as they are easy nowadays with a single click or touch on their smartphone or any other device. As huge number of customers order their products online, the firms should be capable of delivering the products to the customer in the most effective and efficient way. This could create a competitive advantage for the firm. To stay competitive in the market the companies always find a way to improve the efficiency and also to cut the cost. The last mile delivery is the final segment of the entire product delivery process, where the product reaches the hand of the customer and it covers 53 percent of the total cost of shipping. The last mile delivery is the most expensive and time-consuming part of the entire shipping process. LMD accounts 41 percent of total supply chain cost. When it comes to the food delivery, the companies need to be more innovative and effective to deliver the orders with the same quality of products available in the shelves of the physical store. In this report we had gone through various literature regarding the Last mile delivery focusing on the automated solutions which are already in the practice and the future solutions of the last mile delivery. We got valuable insights from those literature. We analyzed the roles of various actors in the last mile delivery. We studied about the changes in the customer behavior in terms of online shopping. We understood the challenges faced by the logistics firms in the last mile delivery. We deep dived into the various solutions of the last mile delivery modes such as Drones, Droids, Automated Guided vehicle (AGVs), In-car and In-Fridge delivery and Delivery box, covering both Attended and Unattended Home Delivery (AHD &UHD). We found out the Critical Success Factor (CSF) of Last mile delivery service providers in general and also for Last mile delivery of food industry. We analyzed the Critical Success Factors such as volume, sustainability, independent, flexibility, cost, speed, safety, Convenience and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for all the above-mentioned solutions. We were able to find the different and possible network designs for both conventional and automated solutions of the last mile delivery. Finally, we applied Hau Lee Model and incorporated the Critical Success Factors and based on that we positioned the different automated solutions of the last mile delivery in the Hau Lee Model in terms of Supply (service Providers) and Demand (Customers). We could see that the possible llast-miledelivery solutions need more investigation. As this could play a huge role in defining a new business model, we could possibly combine all the delivery solutions under one roof to deliver the orders to the customer in athemost effective and efficient way possible, majorly cutting down the cost of the last mile delivery which covers most of the overall shipping cost.
Nel mondo molto avanzato e in rapida evoluzione, i comportamenti di acquisto dei clienti stanno cambiando. Molte persone si spostano verso lo shopping online in quanto oggi è facile con un solo clic o tocco sul proprio smartphone o su qualsiasi altro dispositivo, accedere a una vasta gamma di prodotti. Poiché un numero enorme di clienti ordina i propri prodotti online, le aziende dovrebbero essere in grado di consegnare al cliente nel modo più efficace ed efficiente. Ciò potrebbe creare un vantaggio competitivo per l'azienda. Per rimanere competitive sul mercato le aziende trovano sempre un modo per migliorare l'efficienza e anche per diminuirei costi. La ‘Last mile delivery’ è il segmento finale dell'intero processo di consegna del prodotto, in cui il prodotto raggiunge la mano del cliente e copre il 53 percento del costo totale della spedizione. La ‘Last mile delivery’ è la parte più costosa e dispendiosa in termini di tempo dell'intero processo di spedizione. LMD rappresenta il 41% del costo totale della catena di approvvigionamento. Quando si tratta della consegna di prodotti alimentari, le aziende devono essere più innovative ed efficaci per consegnare gli ordini con gli stessi standard qualitativi dei prodotti disponibili sugli scaffali del negozio fisico. In questo Report abbiamo esaminato varie pubblicazioni riguardanti la ‘Last mile delivery’ concentrandoci sulle soluzioni automatizzate che sono già nella pratica e sulle soluzioni future. Abbiamo ricevuto preziose informazioni dalla letteratura. Abbiamo analizzato i ruoli dei vari attori nella ‘Last mile delivery’. Abbiamo studiato i cambiamenti nel comportamento del cliente in termini di shopping online. Abbiamo compreso le sfide affrontate dalle aziende di logistica nella ‘Last mile delivery’. Abbiamo approfondito le varie soluzioni delle modalità di ‘Last mile delivery’ come droni, droidi, veicoli a guida automatica (AGV), consegna in auto ,in frigorifero e box di consegna, che copre sia la consegna a domicilio assistita che non presidiata (AHD e UHD). Abbiamo scoperto il fattore critico di successo (CSF) dei fornitori di servizi di ‘Last mile delivery’ in generale e anche per la ‘Last mile delivery’ dell'industria alimentare. Abbiamo analizzato i fattori critici di successo come volume, sostenibilità, indipendenza, flessibilità, costo, velocità, sicurezza, convenienza e disponibilità a pagare (WTP) per tutte le soluzioni sopra menzionate. Siamo stati in grado di trovare i diversi e possibili progetti di rete per soluzioni sia convenzionali che automatizzate. Infine, abbiamo applicato il modello Hau Lee, incorporato i fattori critici di successo e in base a ciò abbiamo posizionato le diverse soluzioni automatizzate della ‘Last mile delivery’ nel modello Hau Lee in termini di offerta (fornitori di servizi) e domanda (clienti). Possiamo notare come le possibili soluzioni di ‘Last milLast-miley’ richiedano ulteriori indagini. Poiché ciò potrebbe svolgere un ruolo enorme nella definizione di un nuovo modello di business, si potrebbero combinare tutte le soluzioni di consegna sotto lo stesso tetto per consegnare gli ordini al cliente nel modo più efficace ed efficiente possibile e ridurre notevolmente il costo della ‘Last mile delivery’ che copre la maggior parte del costo di spedizione complessivo
A study on automated solutions for last mile delivery
KANNAN, KARUNAKARAN;PONNUSAMY RAJAKUMAR, RANJITHKUMAR
2020/2021
Abstract
In the very advanced and fast-moving world, the customer shopping behaviors are changing. Many people move towards the online shopping as they are easy nowadays with a single click or touch on their smartphone or any other device. As huge number of customers order their products online, the firms should be capable of delivering the products to the customer in the most effective and efficient way. This could create a competitive advantage for the firm. To stay competitive in the market the companies always find a way to improve the efficiency and also to cut the cost. The last mile delivery is the final segment of the entire product delivery process, where the product reaches the hand of the customer and it covers 53 percent of the total cost of shipping. The last mile delivery is the most expensive and time-consuming part of the entire shipping process. LMD accounts 41 percent of total supply chain cost. When it comes to the food delivery, the companies need to be more innovative and effective to deliver the orders with the same quality of products available in the shelves of the physical store. In this report we had gone through various literature regarding the Last mile delivery focusing on the automated solutions which are already in the practice and the future solutions of the last mile delivery. We got valuable insights from those literature. We analyzed the roles of various actors in the last mile delivery. We studied about the changes in the customer behavior in terms of online shopping. We understood the challenges faced by the logistics firms in the last mile delivery. We deep dived into the various solutions of the last mile delivery modes such as Drones, Droids, Automated Guided vehicle (AGVs), In-car and In-Fridge delivery and Delivery box, covering both Attended and Unattended Home Delivery (AHD &UHD). We found out the Critical Success Factor (CSF) of Last mile delivery service providers in general and also for Last mile delivery of food industry. We analyzed the Critical Success Factors such as volume, sustainability, independent, flexibility, cost, speed, safety, Convenience and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for all the above-mentioned solutions. We were able to find the different and possible network designs for both conventional and automated solutions of the last mile delivery. Finally, we applied Hau Lee Model and incorporated the Critical Success Factors and based on that we positioned the different automated solutions of the last mile delivery in the Hau Lee Model in terms of Supply (service Providers) and Demand (Customers). We could see that the possible llast-miledelivery solutions need more investigation. As this could play a huge role in defining a new business model, we could possibly combine all the delivery solutions under one roof to deliver the orders to the customer in athemost effective and efficient way possible, majorly cutting down the cost of the last mile delivery which covers most of the overall shipping cost.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/179765