The aim of this thesis is dual: on the one hand to provide an overview of the state of the art of new sustainable mobility technologies, with a focus on Electric Vehicles (EVs), and on the other hand to develop a methodology that is able to assess the impacts in terms of demanded energy and power of these vehicles on the motorway network and the service areas managed by Autostrade per l’Italia. The first chapter presents an overview of the development of the electric vehicle market, analysing global and European trends with particular attention to the Italian market. Starting from the historical data collected, the work shows different development scenarios for the different types of Electric Vehicles up to 2030. The work proposes four different development scenarios which consider not only the growth in the overall number of electric vehicles but also the type of technology that will take over. The results indicate that the number of Electric Vehicles on the Italian market will be between three and six million units by 2030, depending to the scenario considered. The following chapters provide a methodology for estimating the future impact of Electric Vehicles in terms of energy and power requested to the electric grid supplying the service areas of Autostrade per l’Italia’s network starting from the number of vehicle transits in front of them. For each service area of the network, the energy required on a daily, monthly and annual basis to meet the future charging needs of Electric Vehicles is assessed, as well as the power that is required to be installed to ensure charging during daily traffic peaks. The results show that, particularly in certain areas of Italy, the impact generated by Electric Vehicles will be significant, especially in terms of power requirements with peaks of between two and three megawatts. The final goal and the main result of this work is to offer a tool capable of assessing and adjusting estimates of the development of the Electric Vehicle market in order to better plan actions on the infrastructures of the Italian motorway network, which will thus act as a driving force for the spread of electric mobility.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è duplice: da un lato offrire una panoramica sullo stato dell’arte delle nuove tecnologie di mobilità sostenibile, con un focus particolare sui veicoli elettrici, dall’altro sviluppare una metodologia che sia in grado di valutare gli impatti in termini energetici e di potenza di questi veicoli sulla rete autostradale e sulle aree di servizio gestite da Autostrade per l’Italia. Il primo capitolo presenta una panoramica sullo sviluppo del mercato dei veicoli elettrici, analizzando le tendenze globali ed europee con particolare attenzione al mercato italiano. Partendo dai dati storici raccolti, il lavoro mostra diversi scenari di sviluppo per le diverse tipologie di veicoli elettrici fino al 2030. Il lavoro propone quattro diversi scenari di sviluppo che considerano non solo la crescita del numero complessivo di veicoli elettrici ma anche il tipo di tecnologia che preverrà. I risultati indicano che il numero di veicoli elettrici sul mercato italiano sarà compreso tra le tre e le sei milioni di unità entro il 2030, a seconda dello scenario considerato. I capitoli successivi forniscono invece una metodologia che stima il futuro impatto dei veicoli elettrici in termini di energia e potenza sulle aree di servizio della rete di Autostrade per l’Italia a partire dal numero di transiti veicolari prospicenti ad esse. Per ogni area di servizio della rete viene quindi valutata sia l’energia richiesta su base giornaliera, mensile e annua utile per sopperire alle future esigenze di ricarica dei veicoli elettrici, sia la potenza che sarà necessaria installare per garantire la ricarica durante i picchi di traffico giornalieri. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come, in particolare in alcune zone d’Italia, l’impatto generato dai veicoli elettrici sarà importante, soprattutto in termini di potenza richiesta con picchi compresi tra i due e i tre megawatt. Lo scopo di questo lavoro e il suo risultato finale più rilevante è quello di offrire uno strumento in grado di valutare e riassestare le stime di sviluppo del mercato dei veicoli elettrici al fine di programmare al meglio l’infrastrutturazione della rete autostradale italiana, che potrà così fare da volano alla diffusione della mobilità elettrica.
The impact of electric vehicles on Italy's motorway infrastructure
FRANCESCHINI, DIEGO
2020/2021
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is dual: on the one hand to provide an overview of the state of the art of new sustainable mobility technologies, with a focus on Electric Vehicles (EVs), and on the other hand to develop a methodology that is able to assess the impacts in terms of demanded energy and power of these vehicles on the motorway network and the service areas managed by Autostrade per l’Italia. The first chapter presents an overview of the development of the electric vehicle market, analysing global and European trends with particular attention to the Italian market. Starting from the historical data collected, the work shows different development scenarios for the different types of Electric Vehicles up to 2030. The work proposes four different development scenarios which consider not only the growth in the overall number of electric vehicles but also the type of technology that will take over. The results indicate that the number of Electric Vehicles on the Italian market will be between three and six million units by 2030, depending to the scenario considered. The following chapters provide a methodology for estimating the future impact of Electric Vehicles in terms of energy and power requested to the electric grid supplying the service areas of Autostrade per l’Italia’s network starting from the number of vehicle transits in front of them. For each service area of the network, the energy required on a daily, monthly and annual basis to meet the future charging needs of Electric Vehicles is assessed, as well as the power that is required to be installed to ensure charging during daily traffic peaks. The results show that, particularly in certain areas of Italy, the impact generated by Electric Vehicles will be significant, especially in terms of power requirements with peaks of between two and three megawatts. The final goal and the main result of this work is to offer a tool capable of assessing and adjusting estimates of the development of the Electric Vehicle market in order to better plan actions on the infrastructures of the Italian motorway network, which will thus act as a driving force for the spread of electric mobility.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2021_10_Franceschini.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/179825