It is estimated today that almost 40% of all green house gas emissions derive from the building and construction industry, of which almost 30% attributable to operating costs [38]. As resources become scarcer and scarcer indeed - both tangible building materials, and intangible energetic ones - the need to optimise and reduce the various layers of consumption - throughout all stages of a building’s design, construction and use - has become a necessary priority for all building cultures around the world. On the specific issue of a building’s (thermal) operating energetic consumption, existing research has focused on the improvement and optimisation of thermal energy systems generation, distribution and control efficiency; as well as on the development, simulation and control of energy storage systems to alleviate renewable resource and thermal demand mismatch - the goal being to reduce grid interaction and dependancy; as well as to maximise load-matching (self-consumption potential). Parallel to such work, a series of computational-based simulation, calculation, performance predicition tools were developed, allowing for the introduction of mathematics and algorithmic design in architectural composition. Lying at the crossroads between such considerations, the present work aims at the 1) development and definition of an algorithmic preliminary design process for the selection of core design variables (ex: glazing ratios, envelope and glazing component characteristics, orientation, positionon site etc..); followed by 2) the analysis and evaluation of the influence and effects of such a process on A) thermal demand and consumption; B) heat-pump and photovoltaic performance; C) water-based thermal energy storage dimensioning, performance and control; and D) consequent renewable resource self-consumption and load-matching potential. The performances of two (identically constrained) buildings - one following such algorithmic design process, the other one following traditional consensual design processes - are compared, discussed and analysed. Looking now at the results, the potential and superior performance of the proposed algorithmic preliminary design process was demonstrated with respect to all considered objectives: the algorithm-based project outperformed the generic-based project by over 20 [kWh/m²] (23% decrease) with respect to their yearly thermal demands; and by 7% with respect to UDI. The viability and potential of such processes was then demonstrated on the building’s consequent consumption profiles; energy system generation needs; as well as in the design and dimensioning of water thermal energy storages. Indeed, thermal demand was decreased by 9% with respect to the generic project, allowing for an identical 9% reduction of PV panel peak power size. The lower electrical demand resulted in a lower instantaneous consumption profile, allowing for a 4% higher proportion of storable energy for the optimised project - and thus of tank capacity. These trends were then verified when looking at localised behaviours of both consumption and system configurations in reference seasonal weeks. Overall, research has demonstrated the viability, potential and superior performance of algorithmic design in preliminary architectural composition, with respect to consequent (thermal) demand and consumption; load-matching capabilities; grid interaction probability; renewable energy proportional use; and manufacturing of processed and carbon-hungry materials.
Si stima oggi che quasi il 40% di tutte le emissioni di gas serra derivino dal settore edile, di cui quasi il 30% imputabile ai costi di esercizio [38]. Man mano che le risorse diventano sempre più scarse - sia i materiali da costruzione materiali, sia quelli energetici immateriali - la necessità di ottimizzare e ridurre i vari strati di consumo - in tutte le fasi della progettazione, costruzione e utilizzo di un edificio - è diventata una priorità necessaria per tutti gli edifici culture di tutto il mondo. Sul tema specifico del consumo energetico operativo (termico) di un edificio, la ricerca esistente si è concentrata sul miglioramento e sull'ottimizzazione dell'efficienza dei sistemi di generazione, distribuzione e controllo dell'energia termica; nonché sullo sviluppo, la simulazione e il controllo di sistemi di accumulo di energia per alleviare il disallineamento della domanda termica e delle risorse rinnovabili, con l'obiettivo di ridurre l'interazione e la dipendenza dalla rete; nonché per massimizzare il load-matching (potenziale di autoconsumo). Parallelamente a tale lavoro, sono stati sviluppati una serie di strumenti di simulazione, calcolo e previsione delle prestazioni basati sul calcolo, consentendo l'introduzione della matematica e della progettazione algoritmica nella composizione architettonica. Trovandosi all'incrocio tra tali considerazioni, il presente lavoro mira a 1) sviluppo e definizione di un processo di progettazione preliminare algoritmica per la selezione delle variabili di progetto fondamentali (es: rapporti di vetratura, caratteristiche dell'involucro e dei componenti della vetrata, orientamento, posizionamento in sito ecc. .); seguito da 2) l'analisi e la valutazione dell'influenza e degli effetti di tale processo su A) domanda e consumo termico; B) prestazioni in pompa di calore e fotovoltaico; C) dimensionamento, prestazione e controllo dell'accumulo di energia termica ad acqua; e D) conseguente autoconsumo di risorse rinnovabili e potenziale di adattamento del carico. Le prestazioni di due edifici (identicamente vincolati) - uno che segue tale processo di progettazione algoritmica, l'altro che segue i tradizionali processi di progettazione consensuale - vengono confrontate, discusse e analizzate. Guardando ora ai risultati, è stato dimostrato il potenziale e le prestazioni superiori del processo di progettazione preliminare algoritmica proposto rispetto a tutti gli obiettivi considerati: il progetto basato su algoritmi ha superato il progetto basato su generico di oltre 20 [kWh/m²] (diminuzione del 23% ) rispetto ai loro fabbisogni termici annui; e del 7% rispetto all'UDI. La fattibilità e potenzialità di tali processi è stata poi dimostrata sui conseguenti profili di consumo dell'edificio; esigenze di generazione del sistema energetico; nonché nella progettazione e dimensionamento di accumuli di energia termica acqua. La richiesta termica è stata infatti diminuita del 9% rispetto al progetto generico, consentendo un'identica riduzione del 9% della potenza di picco del pannello fotovoltaico. La minore richiesta elettrica ha comportato un profilo di consumo istantaneo inferiore, consentendo una proporzione superiore del 4% di energia immagazzinabile per il progetto ottimizzato - e quindi di capacità del serbatoio. Queste tendenze sono state poi verificate osservando i comportamenti localizzati sia dei consumi che delle configurazioni di sistema nelle settimane stagionali di riferimento. Nel complesso, la ricerca ha dimostrato la fattibilità, il potenziale e le prestazioni superiori della progettazione algoritmica nella composizione architettonica preliminare, rispetto alla conseguente domanda (termica) e consumo; capacità di adattamento del carico; probabilità di interazione con la rete; uso proporzionale delle energie rinnovabili; e produzione di materiali lavorati e affamati di carbonio.
Algorithmic design for building physics. Impact of computational algorithms in preliminary design on renewable resource self-consumption and load matching potential
M'RINI, DRISS LUCAS
2020/2021
Abstract
It is estimated today that almost 40% of all green house gas emissions derive from the building and construction industry, of which almost 30% attributable to operating costs [38]. As resources become scarcer and scarcer indeed - both tangible building materials, and intangible energetic ones - the need to optimise and reduce the various layers of consumption - throughout all stages of a building’s design, construction and use - has become a necessary priority for all building cultures around the world. On the specific issue of a building’s (thermal) operating energetic consumption, existing research has focused on the improvement and optimisation of thermal energy systems generation, distribution and control efficiency; as well as on the development, simulation and control of energy storage systems to alleviate renewable resource and thermal demand mismatch - the goal being to reduce grid interaction and dependancy; as well as to maximise load-matching (self-consumption potential). Parallel to such work, a series of computational-based simulation, calculation, performance predicition tools were developed, allowing for the introduction of mathematics and algorithmic design in architectural composition. Lying at the crossroads between such considerations, the present work aims at the 1) development and definition of an algorithmic preliminary design process for the selection of core design variables (ex: glazing ratios, envelope and glazing component characteristics, orientation, positionon site etc..); followed by 2) the analysis and evaluation of the influence and effects of such a process on A) thermal demand and consumption; B) heat-pump and photovoltaic performance; C) water-based thermal energy storage dimensioning, performance and control; and D) consequent renewable resource self-consumption and load-matching potential. The performances of two (identically constrained) buildings - one following such algorithmic design process, the other one following traditional consensual design processes - are compared, discussed and analysed. Looking now at the results, the potential and superior performance of the proposed algorithmic preliminary design process was demonstrated with respect to all considered objectives: the algorithm-based project outperformed the generic-based project by over 20 [kWh/m²] (23% decrease) with respect to their yearly thermal demands; and by 7% with respect to UDI. The viability and potential of such processes was then demonstrated on the building’s consequent consumption profiles; energy system generation needs; as well as in the design and dimensioning of water thermal energy storages. Indeed, thermal demand was decreased by 9% with respect to the generic project, allowing for an identical 9% reduction of PV panel peak power size. The lower electrical demand resulted in a lower instantaneous consumption profile, allowing for a 4% higher proportion of storable energy for the optimised project - and thus of tank capacity. These trends were then verified when looking at localised behaviours of both consumption and system configurations in reference seasonal weeks. Overall, research has demonstrated the viability, potential and superior performance of algorithmic design in preliminary architectural composition, with respect to consequent (thermal) demand and consumption; load-matching capabilities; grid interaction probability; renewable energy proportional use; and manufacturing of processed and carbon-hungry materials.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Impact of computational algorithms in preliminary design on renewable resource self-consumption & load matching potential.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/180161