The aim of the current work is to find innovative solutions in terms of working fluid and plant layout to improve the performance of CSP technology. SCARABEUS project is focused on the adoption of CO2 blends in CSP applications in order to reduce the LCOE of the technology. This solution allows to obtain a transcritical cycle in such a hot climate, something that with pure CO2 is impossible, reducing the power required for the compression and increasing the efficiency of the cycle. Previous works have obtained a reduction of LCOE thanks to the adoption of blends but still far away from reaching the project goal (96€/MWh), this work proposes some new solution trying to achieve the target. The choice of the best dopant molecule is not simple because, as in previous works, many requirements have to be fulfilled regarding: efficiency, thermal stability, toxicity, flammability and reactivity but further insights are proposed in this work for toxicity and costs. Many new molecules are proposed but only two are deeply investigated in this work: C2H3N and C4F8 while C6F6 is taken as the reference fluid being the best molecule between the ones already present in literature. The methodology proposes the adoption of SolarPILOT for solar field design, an OpenModelica script (taken form the literature) for the thermal efficiency estimation and some MATLAB codes for the design of condenser and turbine. Two solutions are proposed for the LCOE reduction: the adoption of complex PB configurations, where many schemes are tested with Aspen Plus 11.0, and a new solar plant configuration, where a new HE between tower and storage is added decoupling the two systems. This allows the adoption of new HTF for the energy storage different from the one adopted into the receiver. Finally, a yearly analysis on the electricity production is performed for the calculation of LCOE with a sensitivity analysis for the optimization of solar field and TES dimensions. The effect of different nominal power, blend, PB scheme and storage solution is investigated, moreover some further analysis are performed regarding more precise calculations for the best configurations, a comparison with a steam Rankin cycle and the adoption of less conservative cost functions. The study highlights a reduction of cost increasing the maximum temperature of the cycle, introducing the indirect storage and working with a complex PB. Also, the adoption of blends seems to be convenient, especially at low temperatures, reaching the target set by SCARABEUS project.
L’obbiettivo del corrente lavoro è di trovare soluzioni innovative in termini di fluido di lavoro e configurazioni di impianto per migliorare le prestazioni della tecnologia CSP. Il progetto SCARABEUS si focalizza sull’adozione di miscele a CO2 nelle applicazioni CSP in modo da ridurre l’LCOE della tecnologia. Questa soluzione permette di ottenere un ciclo transcritico in climi caldi, condizione impossibile con CO2 pura, riducendo la potenza richiesta per la compressione ed aumentando l’efficienza del ciclo. Precedenti lavori hanno ottenuto una riduzione di LCOE grazie all’adozione di miscele, comunque lontane dal raggiungere l’obbiettivo del progetto (96€/MWh), questo lavoro propone nuove soluzioni per cercare di raggiungere questo target. La scelta della migliore molecola dopante non è semplice perchè, come nei precedenti lavori, molte richieste devono essere rispettate relativamente a: efficienza, stabilità termica, tossicità, infiammabilità e reattività ma ulteriori approfondimenti sono stati proposti in questo lavoro per tossicità e costi. Molte nuove molecole sono proposte ma solo due sono analizzate nel dettaglio in questo lavoro: C2H3N e C4F8 mentre C6F6 è preso come fluido di riferimento essendo la molecola migliore tra quella già studiate presenti in letteratura. La metodologia propone l’adozione di SolarPILOT per il design del campo solare, un codice OpenModelica (preso da letteratura) per la stima dell’efficienza termica e dei codici MATLAB per il design di turbina e condensatore. Due soluzioni sono proposte per la riduzione dell’LCOE: l’adozione di configurazione complesse di PB, in cui molti schemi vengono testati con Aspen Plus 11.0, ed una nuova configurazione di campo solare, dove è aggiunto un nuovo HE tra torre e serbatoi di accumulo porta al disaccoppiamento di questi due sistemi. Questo permette l’adozione di nuovi HTF per l’accumulo di energia differenti da quello adottato nel ricevitore. Infine, un’analisi annuale sulla produzione di energia è effettuata per il calcolo dell’LCOE con un’ottimizzazione delle dimensioni del campo solare e del TES. L’effetto di diverse potenze nominali, miscele, schemi di PB e sistemi di accumulo è investigato, in aggiunta sono effettuate delle ulteriori analisi riguardanti dei calcoli più accurati per le migliori configurazioni, un confronto con un ciclo Rankine a vapore e l’adozione di funzioni di costo meno conservative. Lo studio evidenzia una riduzione di costo incrementando la massima temperature del ciclo, introducendo lo storage indiretto e lavorando con un PB complesso. Anche l’adozione di miscele sembra essere conveniente, specialmente a basse temperature, raggiungendo l’obbiettivo prefissato del progetto SCARABEUS.
CO2 mixtures : cycle selection and plant optimization for CSP applications
Quadrio, Guglielmo;Villa, Enrico
2020/2021
Abstract
The aim of the current work is to find innovative solutions in terms of working fluid and plant layout to improve the performance of CSP technology. SCARABEUS project is focused on the adoption of CO2 blends in CSP applications in order to reduce the LCOE of the technology. This solution allows to obtain a transcritical cycle in such a hot climate, something that with pure CO2 is impossible, reducing the power required for the compression and increasing the efficiency of the cycle. Previous works have obtained a reduction of LCOE thanks to the adoption of blends but still far away from reaching the project goal (96€/MWh), this work proposes some new solution trying to achieve the target. The choice of the best dopant molecule is not simple because, as in previous works, many requirements have to be fulfilled regarding: efficiency, thermal stability, toxicity, flammability and reactivity but further insights are proposed in this work for toxicity and costs. Many new molecules are proposed but only two are deeply investigated in this work: C2H3N and C4F8 while C6F6 is taken as the reference fluid being the best molecule between the ones already present in literature. The methodology proposes the adoption of SolarPILOT for solar field design, an OpenModelica script (taken form the literature) for the thermal efficiency estimation and some MATLAB codes for the design of condenser and turbine. Two solutions are proposed for the LCOE reduction: the adoption of complex PB configurations, where many schemes are tested with Aspen Plus 11.0, and a new solar plant configuration, where a new HE between tower and storage is added decoupling the two systems. This allows the adoption of new HTF for the energy storage different from the one adopted into the receiver. Finally, a yearly analysis on the electricity production is performed for the calculation of LCOE with a sensitivity analysis for the optimization of solar field and TES dimensions. The effect of different nominal power, blend, PB scheme and storage solution is investigated, moreover some further analysis are performed regarding more precise calculations for the best configurations, a comparison with a steam Rankin cycle and the adoption of less conservative cost functions. The study highlights a reduction of cost increasing the maximum temperature of the cycle, introducing the indirect storage and working with a complex PB. Also, the adoption of blends seems to be convenient, especially at low temperatures, reaching the target set by SCARABEUS project.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/182492