Ovarian cancer is one of the main worldwide causes of death in women due to the lack of adequate diagnostic techniques and asymptomatic features in the early disease stages. Being diagnosed in advanced phases, the cancer cells have already spread from the ovaries to other distant areas of the body. A first surgical treatment, whose aim is to remove as much tumor mass as possible, is often followed by a chemotherapeutic treatment. Since the preferential pathway for the development of metastases is the peritoneal cavity, one of the most investigated chemotherapeutic approaches for administration of drugs in this disease is using this route. In this field, the use of engineered microvectors as drug delivery systems has been already proposed as an innovative frontier able to overcome the limitations of current chemotherapy. In this thesis work, a new system based on microparticles (MPs) encapsulated in an alginate hydrogel has been proposed as drug delivery system (DDS) in the intraperitoneal cavity. If located in the intraperitoneal cavity, after the debulking, this system guarantees a controlled and sustained release over time of the chemotherapeutic agent. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was chosen as polymeric material for MPs production due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLGA-MPs loaded with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin, FDA approved drugs used in clinics for the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer, were obtained by a single or double emulsion method, respectively. The MPs were subsequently encapsulated in alginate microbeads, using a co-axial flow nozzle, in order to achieve a more controlled and gradual drug release. The obtained results, if confirmed by further in vitro and in vivo studies, could lead to the development of a new and innovative controlled chemotherapeutic drug delivery system for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Il cancro ovarico è una delle principali cause di morte nelle donne in tutto il mondo a causa della mancanza di tecniche diagnostiche adeguate e delle sue caratteristiche asintomatiche nelle prime fasi della malattia. Essendo diagnosticato in fasi avanzate, le cellule tumorali si sono già diffuse in altre aree del corpo distanti dalle ovaie. Un primo trattamento chirurgico, il cui scopo è quello di rimuovere la maggior massa tumorale possibile, è spesso seguito da un trattamento chemioterapico. Poiché il percorso preferenziale per lo sviluppo di metastasi è la cavità peritoneale, questa via rappresenta uno degli approcci chemioterapici più studiati per la somministrazione di farmaci chemioterapici. In questo campo, l'uso di microvettori ingegnerizzati come sistemi di rilascio di farmaci è già stato proposto come una frontiera innovativa in grado di superare i limiti della chemioterapia attuale. In questo lavoro di tesi, un nuovo sistema composto da microparticelle (MPs) polimeriche incapsulate in microsfere di alginato è stato proposto come sistema di rilascio controllato del farmaco nella cavità intraperitoneale. Questo sistema se localizzato nella cavità intraperitoneale, subito dopo il trattamento chirurgico, è in grado di garantire un rilascio controllato e duraturo nel tempo dell’agente chemioterapico. L’ acido poli(lattico-co-glicolico) (PLGA) è stato scelto come materiale polimerico per la produzione di MPs grazie alla sua eccellente biocompatibilità e biodegradabilità. Le MPs di PLGA caricate con Paclitaxel e Carboplatino, farmaci chemioterapici approvati dalla FDA e usati nei trattamenti clinici del carcinoma ovarico, sono state ottenute con un metodo di emulsione singola o doppia, rispettivamente. Le MPs sono state successivamente incapsulate in microsfere di alginato, attraverso l'uso di un ugello a flusso coassiale, al fine di ottenere un rilascio più controllato e graduale del farmaco. I risultati ottenuti, se confermati da ulteriori studi in vitro e in vivo, potrebbero portare allo sviluppo di un nuovo e innovativo sistema di rilascio controllato di farmaci chemioterapici per il trattamento del cancro ovarico.
A microencapsulation method for sustained chemotherapeutic delivery in the intraperitoneal cavity
Palange, Simona
2020/2021
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the main worldwide causes of death in women due to the lack of adequate diagnostic techniques and asymptomatic features in the early disease stages. Being diagnosed in advanced phases, the cancer cells have already spread from the ovaries to other distant areas of the body. A first surgical treatment, whose aim is to remove as much tumor mass as possible, is often followed by a chemotherapeutic treatment. Since the preferential pathway for the development of metastases is the peritoneal cavity, one of the most investigated chemotherapeutic approaches for administration of drugs in this disease is using this route. In this field, the use of engineered microvectors as drug delivery systems has been already proposed as an innovative frontier able to overcome the limitations of current chemotherapy. In this thesis work, a new system based on microparticles (MPs) encapsulated in an alginate hydrogel has been proposed as drug delivery system (DDS) in the intraperitoneal cavity. If located in the intraperitoneal cavity, after the debulking, this system guarantees a controlled and sustained release over time of the chemotherapeutic agent. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was chosen as polymeric material for MPs production due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLGA-MPs loaded with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin, FDA approved drugs used in clinics for the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer, were obtained by a single or double emulsion method, respectively. The MPs were subsequently encapsulated in alginate microbeads, using a co-axial flow nozzle, in order to achieve a more controlled and gradual drug release. The obtained results, if confirmed by further in vitro and in vivo studies, could lead to the development of a new and innovative controlled chemotherapeutic drug delivery system for the treatment of ovarian cancer.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/182894