Energy Planning in Developing Countries deals with the main challenge –distinctive of DCs framework - of access to electricity, which modern Energy System Models are still not able to represent, and hence to completely analyse. In this context, to provide ad hoc electrification pathways, a more comprehensive methodology is required: it has to address both energy access issue and energy planning. This work wants to support this need by proposing a Novel Methodology that combines Geospatial Electrification Model (GEM) with an Energy System Model (ESM), based on Power Nodes Framework, to exploit the strengths of both modelling frameworks, by overcoming their intrinsic limitations through their soft linking. The former identifies the optimal electrification strategy (grid extension, mini-grids and stand-alone systems) for a certain area. The latter, provided by the on-grid electricity demand thanks to the soft-linking, performs a technology-driven optimization for the supply of the on-grid demand. This enables a more accurate and specific technology supply optimization. The proposed novel methodology is then validated by its application to the Kenya case study, to properly evaluate the novelty introduced with the GIS Integrated Energy Model. The obtained results show how the GEM-ESM soft-linking allows to properly consider specific electrification strategies for each area of the country. Results highlight the key role of off-grid systems in achieving universal electricity access, especially for remote rural areas, with scattered population: they allow to better exploit renewable resources locally available. The Standard Literature Approach does not consider the potentiality of the off-grid system at all, it assumes national grid extension as the only feasible electrification solution, but extending it to serve isolated areas, which require limited electricity consumption, is prohibitively costly. The GIS Integrated Energy System allows to endogenize the on-grid demand depending on electricity access theme and consequently the grid generation cost. Moreover, the GIS approach, which GEM is based on, enables a site-specific evaluation of electrification access evolution in each considered region of Kenya. Thus, the on-grid demand, required by ESM for energy planning, is regionally evaluated providing a more accurate supply technology and dispatch optimization of the central system for the country.
La pianificazione energetica nei paesi in via di sviluppo affronta come sfida principale - distintiva dei paesi in via di sviluppo - quella dell’accesso all’elettricità, che i moderni modelli di pianificazione energetica non sono ancora in grado di rappresentare, e di conseguenza di analizzare interamente. In questo contesto, fornire strategie di elettrificazione ad hoc, richiede una metodologia più esauriente: deve affrontare sia il tema di accesso all’energia sia la pianificazione energetica. Questo lavoro va in questa direzione proponendo una Nuova Metodologia che combina Geospatial Electrification Model (GEM) con Energy System Model (ESM), basato sul Power Nodes Framewrok, per sfruttare i punti di forza di entrambi, superando i loro limiti intrinseci attraverso soft-link. Il primo identifica la strategia di elettrificazione ottimale (estensione della rete centrale, mini-reti e sistemi stand-alone) per una determinata area. Il secondo, in base alle informazioni di dettaglio ottenute tramite l’utilizzo del GEM, esegue un'ottimizzazione determinata dal dettaglio tecnologico per soddisfare la domanda della rete nazionale. Ciò consente una scelta delle tecnologie per fornire elettricità alla rete più accurata e specifica. La nuova metodologia proposta viene convalidata tramite la sua applicazione al caso studio del Kenya, che permette di valutazione dell’innovazione introdotta con il soft-link fra i due modelli rispetto all’utilizzo separato. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come il soft-linking GEM-ESM consenta di considerare adeguatamente una strategia di elettrificazione specifica per ogni area del Paese. I risultati evidenziano il ruolo chiave dei sistemi off-grid nel raggiungimento dell'accesso universale all'elettricità, in particolare per le aree rurali e remote, con scarsa densità di popolazione dove consente di sfruttare meglio le risorse rinnovabili disponibili localmente. L'approccio standard non considera affatto le potenzialità dei sistemi off-grid, assume l'estensione della rete nazionale come l'unica soluzione di elettrificazione fattibile, ma estenderla per servire aree isolate, che richiedono un consumo limitato di elettricità, è proibitivamente costoso. Il Sistema Energetico Integrato GIS permette di endogenizzare la domanda on-grid legata al tema di accesso all'energia elettrica, e il costo di generazione della rete. Inoltre, l'approccio GIS, su cui si basa GEM, consente una valutazione site-specific dell'evoluzione dell'accesso all'elettrificazione in ciascuna regione del Kenya. Pertanto, la domanda on-grid, richiesta dal ESM per la pianificazione energetica, viene valutata a livello regionale fornendo l'ottimizzazione delle tecnologie di generazione e dispacciamento del sistema centrale per il paese.
Novel energy planning methodology for developing countries : integrated approach for on-grid and off-grid dimensions
GRUPELLI, CARLOTTA;CAPPELLO, GIORGIA
2020/2021
Abstract
Energy Planning in Developing Countries deals with the main challenge –distinctive of DCs framework - of access to electricity, which modern Energy System Models are still not able to represent, and hence to completely analyse. In this context, to provide ad hoc electrification pathways, a more comprehensive methodology is required: it has to address both energy access issue and energy planning. This work wants to support this need by proposing a Novel Methodology that combines Geospatial Electrification Model (GEM) with an Energy System Model (ESM), based on Power Nodes Framework, to exploit the strengths of both modelling frameworks, by overcoming their intrinsic limitations through their soft linking. The former identifies the optimal electrification strategy (grid extension, mini-grids and stand-alone systems) for a certain area. The latter, provided by the on-grid electricity demand thanks to the soft-linking, performs a technology-driven optimization for the supply of the on-grid demand. This enables a more accurate and specific technology supply optimization. The proposed novel methodology is then validated by its application to the Kenya case study, to properly evaluate the novelty introduced with the GIS Integrated Energy Model. The obtained results show how the GEM-ESM soft-linking allows to properly consider specific electrification strategies for each area of the country. Results highlight the key role of off-grid systems in achieving universal electricity access, especially for remote rural areas, with scattered population: they allow to better exploit renewable resources locally available. The Standard Literature Approach does not consider the potentiality of the off-grid system at all, it assumes national grid extension as the only feasible electrification solution, but extending it to serve isolated areas, which require limited electricity consumption, is prohibitively costly. The GIS Integrated Energy System allows to endogenize the on-grid demand depending on electricity access theme and consequently the grid generation cost. Moreover, the GIS approach, which GEM is based on, enables a site-specific evaluation of electrification access evolution in each considered region of Kenya. Thus, the on-grid demand, required by ESM for energy planning, is regionally evaluated providing a more accurate supply technology and dispatch optimization of the central system for the country.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/183075