By issuing the Renewable Energy Directive “RED II”, the European Commission has opened the path for the diffusion of energy communities around the whole continent, while posing particular attention towards renewable producers dwelling within the same condominium. Italy, on its behalf, is working towards the achievement of the country’s objectives contained in the Energy and Climate Integrated National Plan (PNIEC) by granting tax deductions from 50 to 110% for a series of interventions aimed at increasing the electrification quota and the energy efficiency of its building stock. The present thesis addresses these trends by presenting CondoMine, a simulator developed in collaboration with Eni Gas e Luce S.p.A. capable of determining the economic gains of a condominium willing to install a PV plant and share the energy produced among tenants. Starting from the modelling of the building’s electric and thermal load profiles, the simulator is able to estimate the optimal size of the PV plant and of two additional solutions, both subject to tax deductions, that can improve the economic result for residents: heat pumps and electric storage systems. CondoMine is then applied to a fuel poverty context by using its modelling capabilities as evidence in support of a financing solution that can broaden the access to energy retrofitting interventions, comprehending also low-income families. This is achieved through the development of a modified version of PACE financing, an American-born instrument covering the cost of retrofitting interventions by means of municipal bond issuing. CondoMine will therefore be used to demonstrate how a condominium can exit from its fuel poverty condition while, at the same time, guaranteeing a net positive economic result for governments, residents and investors.
Con l’emissione della direttiva RED II la Commissione Europea ha aperto la strada verso l’instaurazione di comunità energetiche in tutto il continente, con una particolare attenzione verso i produttori di energia rinnovabile risiedenti nello stesso condominio. L’Italia, d’altro canto, sta cercando di raggiungere gli obbiettivi prefissatisi nel PNIEC garantendo detrazioni fiscali dal 50 al 110% per una serie di interventi volti ad incrementare l’elettrificazione e l’efficienza energetica del suo pacchetto immobiliare. La presente tesi nasce quindi con l’intento di presentare CondoMine, un simulatore sviluppato in collaborazione con referenti di Eni Gas e Luce S.p.A. in grado di determinare il ritorno economico di un condominio che decida di installare un impianto fotovoltaico e condividere l’energia prodotta. Partendo dalla costruzione delle curve di carico elettrico e termico dell’edificio, il simulatore è in grado di stimare la dimensione ottima dell’impianto FV e di altre due soluzioni, fiscalmente detraibili, che possono farne aumentare i proventi: la pompa di calore ed il sistema di accumulo elettrico. CondoMine è poi applicato ad un contesto di fuel poverty e usato come prova per evidenziare come sia possibile finanziare, in modo economicamente sostenibile, interventi di efficientamento energetico anche per le fasce di popolazione a più basso reddito. Ciò è reso possibile grazie allo sviluppo di una versione modificata dello strumento di PACE financing, un metodo di finanziamento di origine americana basato sull’emissione di bond statali. CondoMine sarà quindi usato per dimostrare come un condominio possa uscire da una condizione di fuel poverty garantendo che, allo stesso tempo, Stato, residenti ed investitori abbiamo tutti un ritorno economico vantaggioso.
Development of an energetic-economic condominium simulator: application to energy communities and validation of a financing solution to fuel poverty
ALLEN, DANIEL
2020/2021
Abstract
By issuing the Renewable Energy Directive “RED II”, the European Commission has opened the path for the diffusion of energy communities around the whole continent, while posing particular attention towards renewable producers dwelling within the same condominium. Italy, on its behalf, is working towards the achievement of the country’s objectives contained in the Energy and Climate Integrated National Plan (PNIEC) by granting tax deductions from 50 to 110% for a series of interventions aimed at increasing the electrification quota and the energy efficiency of its building stock. The present thesis addresses these trends by presenting CondoMine, a simulator developed in collaboration with Eni Gas e Luce S.p.A. capable of determining the economic gains of a condominium willing to install a PV plant and share the energy produced among tenants. Starting from the modelling of the building’s electric and thermal load profiles, the simulator is able to estimate the optimal size of the PV plant and of two additional solutions, both subject to tax deductions, that can improve the economic result for residents: heat pumps and electric storage systems. CondoMine is then applied to a fuel poverty context by using its modelling capabilities as evidence in support of a financing solution that can broaden the access to energy retrofitting interventions, comprehending also low-income families. This is achieved through the development of a modified version of PACE financing, an American-born instrument covering the cost of retrofitting interventions by means of municipal bond issuing. CondoMine will therefore be used to demonstrate how a condominium can exit from its fuel poverty condition while, at the same time, guaranteeing a net positive economic result for governments, residents and investors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/183470