Food Industry is one of the industrial sectors with the highest usage of water. Effluents of Food Industry can be re-used for many purposes even though most of the times could be only discharged in the environment. Prior to be dispersed, such effluents need treatments to decrease contained organic level in order not to threaten flora and fauna. Nowadays, Anodic Oxidation and Biotreatments are plenty used for the treatment of different industrial wastewater and the purpose of this thesis work is to investigate the efficiency of the combination of the two processes on synthetic food wastewaters. At first, Gallic Acid degradation and its intermediates, namely Pyrogallol, Maleic and Oxalic Acid, by means of anodic oxidation were investigated, studying how treatment time, current intensity, initial concentration, stirring and anode materials may impact on organic level removal. Results show that all acids could be efficiently degraded using Boron Doped Diamond as anode, Na2SO4 at 12gL- 1 concentration as supporting electrolyte, 300 round per minutes as stirring for two hours of treatment. Afterwards, a synthetized mixture of main acids and surfactants, representative of food industry wastewater, was studied through Anodic Oxidation. Two mixtures were prepared: one comprising Butyric, Hexanoic, Gallic and Tannic acids plus Genapol X-80, the other comprising the mixture of same acids with Cocamide DEA. Tests had the goal to identify the optimal ratio in terms of biodegradability represented by BOD5/COD, by varying current intensities. Optimum region was identified at around 75 mA for 2 h, for both mixtures, yielding a COD reduction with anodic oxidation of 31 and 26 % respectively for Genapol and Cocamide mixture. Then two cycles of a combined treatment by means of anodic oxidation and Biotreatment were applied. Regarding the first cycle, with respect to the initial organic load, a degradation rate of 80% for the first mixture and an abatement of 69% were achieved, after 8 days. The second cycle, implemented with an acclimated biomass, reached an abatement of about 95% for both mixtures.
L'industria alimentare è uno dei settori industriali con il maggior consumo di acqua. Gli effluenti dell'industria alimentare possono essere riutilizzati per molti scopi, anche se, la maggior parte delle volte possono essere solo scaricati nell'ambiente. Prima di essere dispersi, tali effluenti necessitano di trattamenti per diminuire il quantitativo di organico contenuto, al fine di non costituire una minaccia per flora e fauna. Al giorno d'oggi, l'ossidazione anodica e i biotrattamenti sono ampiamente utilizzati per lo smaltimento di diverse acque reflue industriali, lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è quello di indagare l'efficienza di tali operazioni su acque reflue alimentari sintetizzate in laboratorio. In un primo momento è stata studiata la degradazione dell'Acido Gallico e dei suoi intermedi, ovvero Pirogallolo, Acido Maleico e Ossalico, mediante ossidazione anodica, studiando come il tempo di trattamento, l'intensità di corrente, la concentrazione iniziale, l'agitazione e l'anodo utilizzato possano influire sulla rimozione del livello di organico. I risultati mostrano come tutti gli acidi possono essere degradati efficientemente dopo due ore di trattamento utilizzando, come anodo, un anodo di diamante drogato al Boro, come elettrolita di supporto, Na2SO4 a concentrazione 12gL-1, sfruttando un’agitazione a 300 giri al minuto. Successivamente, sono state sintetizzate miscele rappresentative dei reflui dell'industria alimentare, studiandole tramite ossidazione anodica. Sono state preparate due miscele: una comprendente Acid Butirrico, Esanoico, Gallico e Tannico più Genapol X-80, l'altra comprendente la miscela degli stessi acidi con Cocamide DEA. I test avevano l'obiettivo di identificare l’ottimo, in termini di biodegradabilità, del rapporto BOD5/COD, al variare delle intensità di corrente. L’ottimo è stato trovato intorno i 75 mA per 2 ore di trattamento, comportando tramite ossidazione anodica, una riduzione del COD del 31 e del 26 % rispettivamente per la miscela di Genapol e per quella di Cocamide. Successivamente sono stati applicati due cicli di trattamento combinato mediante ossidazione anodica e Biotrattamento. Per quanto riguarda il primo ciclo dopo 8 giorni, si è ottenuto un grado di degradazione, rispetto al carico organico iniziale, dell'80% per la prima miscela e un abbattimento del 69% per la seconda. Il secondo ciclo, realizzato con biomassa acclimatata, ha raggiunto un abbattimento di circa il 95% per entrambe le miscele.
Food wastewater treatment through combination of anodic eletctroxidation and biological processes
ROCHIRA, FRANCESCO MARIA
2020/2021
Abstract
Food Industry is one of the industrial sectors with the highest usage of water. Effluents of Food Industry can be re-used for many purposes even though most of the times could be only discharged in the environment. Prior to be dispersed, such effluents need treatments to decrease contained organic level in order not to threaten flora and fauna. Nowadays, Anodic Oxidation and Biotreatments are plenty used for the treatment of different industrial wastewater and the purpose of this thesis work is to investigate the efficiency of the combination of the two processes on synthetic food wastewaters. At first, Gallic Acid degradation and its intermediates, namely Pyrogallol, Maleic and Oxalic Acid, by means of anodic oxidation were investigated, studying how treatment time, current intensity, initial concentration, stirring and anode materials may impact on organic level removal. Results show that all acids could be efficiently degraded using Boron Doped Diamond as anode, Na2SO4 at 12gL- 1 concentration as supporting electrolyte, 300 round per minutes as stirring for two hours of treatment. Afterwards, a synthetized mixture of main acids and surfactants, representative of food industry wastewater, was studied through Anodic Oxidation. Two mixtures were prepared: one comprising Butyric, Hexanoic, Gallic and Tannic acids plus Genapol X-80, the other comprising the mixture of same acids with Cocamide DEA. Tests had the goal to identify the optimal ratio in terms of biodegradability represented by BOD5/COD, by varying current intensities. Optimum region was identified at around 75 mA for 2 h, for both mixtures, yielding a COD reduction with anodic oxidation of 31 and 26 % respectively for Genapol and Cocamide mixture. Then two cycles of a combined treatment by means of anodic oxidation and Biotreatment were applied. Regarding the first cycle, with respect to the initial organic load, a degradation rate of 80% for the first mixture and an abatement of 69% were achieved, after 8 days. The second cycle, implemented with an acclimated biomass, reached an abatement of about 95% for both mixtures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/183471