Critical design theories and practices, such as Speculative Design and Design Fiction, offer principles able to trigger critical thinking and use the future as a space for critical inquiry (Dunne and Raby, 2013) regarding the opportunities, limitations, constraints, and application of technologies, with a purpose to design more consciously technological artefacts. In this research, the author focuses on technological artefacts to tackle aware behaviours, for instance, influence the users to adopt and maintain more sustainable habits, make more sustainable choices (i.e., air pollution, energy consumption, health and wellbeing, others). To design more consciously imply the adoption of critical thinking in design research and practice. Critical thinking is intended here as a capability to reason about the technology and the society (considering both human and non -human actors) as an interconnected system, exploiting its ethical and societal implications and crosscutting factors involved in change processes. Nowadays, design researchers and practitioners are required to deal with the complexities of the changing world and its uncertainty where dealing with human behaviour have become difficult task. Designing for enabling aware human behaviour needs more critical approaches that can help design researchers and practitioners to deal with these complexities and design more consciously both for the users and for the planet. (Rapp et al. 2019) This research aims at exploring and defining new and more critical approaches for the design of technological artefacts for aware behaviours, founded on Design Fiction principles and speculative design proposals, considered able to trigger critical thinking. Design Fiction enables us to use the future as a space for critical inquiry through the speculation about what could be, and accordingly approach critically to reality as a field of possible actions. (Dune and Raby 2013, Bleeker 2009) Through design fiction principles, such as anticipatory scenarios and diegetic prototypes, we can investigate the potential future applications and implications of technological artefacts, explore new physical forms, experiences, and interaction rituals. Anticipatory scenarios are alternative constructions of the worlds (in a social, cultural, political, historical sense) within which the designer anticipates, creates, and contextualises the diegetic prototype and builds mediations between humans - technology - environment. Established upon the Research Through Design (RTD) methodology, this research commits to answer how design fiction can help design practitioners and researchers design more consciously the technological artefacts to tackle aware behaviours, through the pluriversal perspective considering the societal and ethical implications and exploration and anticipation of mediations generated through the interaction rituals, experiences, new forms and applications of technologies. In regard, this research proposes a new and more critical approach, and it operationalises this approach into the protocol ready to use by design researchers and practitioners. Protocol is intended here as a set of rules and procedures to follow to design more consciously technological artefacts. The protocol within this PhD sets and combines several theoretical concepts, methods and and tools proposed by the theoretical approach, described in depth through the dissertation.
Le teorie e le pratiche del design critico, come lo Speculative Design e la Design Fiction, offrono principi in grado di innescare il pensiero critico e di usare il futuro come spazio di indagine critica (Dunne e Raby, 2013) per quanto riguarda le opportunità, i limiti, i vincoli e l'applicazione delle tecnologie, con lo scopo di progettare artefatti tecnologici consapevolmente. In questa ricerca, l'autore si focalizza sugli artefatti tecnologici per indirizzare i comportamenti responsabil, per esempio, influenzare gli utenti ad adottare e mantenere abitudini più sostenibili, fare scelte sostenibili (per esempio, in relazione all'inquinamento dell'aria, al consumo di energia, alla salute e al benessere, e così via). Progettare in modo più consapevole implica l'adozione del pensiero critico nella ricerca e nella pratica. Il pensiero critico è qui inteso come una capacità di ragionare sulla tecnologia e la società (considerando sia gli attori umani che non umani) come un sistema interconnesso, sfruttando le sue implicazioni etiche e sociali e i fattori trasversali coinvolti nei processi di cambiamento. Al giorno d'oggi, i ricercatori e i professionisti del design devono affrontare le complessità del mondo che cambia e la sua incertezza, dove trattare il comportamento umano è diventato un compito difficile. Progettare per consentire un comportamento umano consapevole ha bisogno di approcci più critici che possano aiutare i ricercatori e i progettisti ad affrontare queste complessità e progettare in modo più consapevole sia per gli utenti che per il pianeta. (Rapp et al. 2019) Questa ricerca si propone di esplorare e definire nuovi e più critici approcci per la progettazione di artefatti tecnologici per comportamenti responsabili, fondati sui principi della Design Fiction e su proposte di design speculativo, ritenute in grado di innescare un pensiero critico. Design Fiction ci permette di usare il futuro come spazio di indagine critica attraverso la speculazione su ciò che potrebbe essere, e di conseguenza avvicinarsi criticamente alla realtà come campo di azioni possibili. (Dune e Raby 2013, Bleeker 2009) Attraverso i principi della design fiction, come gli scenari anticipatori e i prototipi diegetici, possiamo indagare le potenziali applicazioni e implicazioni future degli artefatti tecnologici, esplorare nuove forme fisiche, esperienze e rituali di interazione. Gli scenari anticipatori sono costruzioni alternative di mondi (in senso sociale, culturale, politico, storico) all'interno dei quali il designer anticipa, crea e contestualizza il prototipo diegetico e costruisce mediazioni tra uomo - tecnologia - ambiente. Fondata sulla metodologia Research Through Design (RTD), questa ricerca si impegna a rispondere come la design fiction può aiutare i progettisti e i ricercatori del design a progettare più consapevolmente gli artefatti tecnologici per indirizzare i comportamenti responsabili, attraverso la prospettiva pluriversale considerando le implicazioni sociali ed etiche e l'esplorazione e l'anticipazione delle mediazioni generate attraverso i rituali di interazione, le esperienze, le nuove forme e applicazioni delle tecnologie. A questo proposito, questa ricerca propone un approccio nuovo e più critico, e operazionalizza questo approccio in un protocollo pronto all'uso da parte di ricercatori e professionisti del design. Il protocollo è qui inteso come un insieme di regole e procedure da seguire per progettare più consapevolmente artefatti tecnologici. Il protocollo all'interno di questo dottorato stabiliscee combina diversi concetti teorici, metodi e strumenti proposti dall'approccio teorico approccio teorico, descritto in profondità nel corso della tesi.
Design fiction for critical thinking : designing consciously technological artefacts to tackle aware behaviours
STEPANOVIC, MILA
2021/2022
Abstract
Critical design theories and practices, such as Speculative Design and Design Fiction, offer principles able to trigger critical thinking and use the future as a space for critical inquiry (Dunne and Raby, 2013) regarding the opportunities, limitations, constraints, and application of technologies, with a purpose to design more consciously technological artefacts. In this research, the author focuses on technological artefacts to tackle aware behaviours, for instance, influence the users to adopt and maintain more sustainable habits, make more sustainable choices (i.e., air pollution, energy consumption, health and wellbeing, others). To design more consciously imply the adoption of critical thinking in design research and practice. Critical thinking is intended here as a capability to reason about the technology and the society (considering both human and non -human actors) as an interconnected system, exploiting its ethical and societal implications and crosscutting factors involved in change processes. Nowadays, design researchers and practitioners are required to deal with the complexities of the changing world and its uncertainty where dealing with human behaviour have become difficult task. Designing for enabling aware human behaviour needs more critical approaches that can help design researchers and practitioners to deal with these complexities and design more consciously both for the users and for the planet. (Rapp et al. 2019) This research aims at exploring and defining new and more critical approaches for the design of technological artefacts for aware behaviours, founded on Design Fiction principles and speculative design proposals, considered able to trigger critical thinking. Design Fiction enables us to use the future as a space for critical inquiry through the speculation about what could be, and accordingly approach critically to reality as a field of possible actions. (Dune and Raby 2013, Bleeker 2009) Through design fiction principles, such as anticipatory scenarios and diegetic prototypes, we can investigate the potential future applications and implications of technological artefacts, explore new physical forms, experiences, and interaction rituals. Anticipatory scenarios are alternative constructions of the worlds (in a social, cultural, political, historical sense) within which the designer anticipates, creates, and contextualises the diegetic prototype and builds mediations between humans - technology - environment. Established upon the Research Through Design (RTD) methodology, this research commits to answer how design fiction can help design practitioners and researchers design more consciously the technological artefacts to tackle aware behaviours, through the pluriversal perspective considering the societal and ethical implications and exploration and anticipation of mediations generated through the interaction rituals, experiences, new forms and applications of technologies. In regard, this research proposes a new and more critical approach, and it operationalises this approach into the protocol ready to use by design researchers and practitioners. Protocol is intended here as a set of rules and procedures to follow to design more consciously technological artefacts. The protocol within this PhD sets and combines several theoretical concepts, methods and and tools proposed by the theoretical approach, described in depth through the dissertation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/183703