In the present paper the impact of V2G technologies on distributed systems, advantages, challenges as well as enabling protocols and a control method based on blockchain were analyzed. In the first chapter, the advantages, challenges and management systems were discussed. EVs could serve as storage energy resources and act as a reserve against unexpected outages if they are equipped with on board power electronics, power connection to the grid, control and communication between the grid operator and smart metering systems. With cooperation between the grid operators, vehicle owners and aggregators, it was concluded that the V2G concept can improve the technical performance of the grid in terms of efficiency, stability, reliability and generation dispatch while realizing the highest possible net return. The interface with the smart grid was analyzed in the third chapter, Enabling protocols. In this chapter the features, functionality and future developments were discussed. ISO 15118 communication protocol enables V2G applications with the introduction of the second edition of ISO 15118 -2. Taking the use cases described in the protocol, we can assume that reverse power flow will be enabled at locations where the EVs are connected to the charging station for a longer period of time, such as bus depots and corporate parking spaces. In the last chapter, the developing technologies needed to implement the control of V2G were discussed. One of these technologies is the Blockchain system that can simply and provide flexibility in terms of payment, billing and control.
Nel presente documento sono stati analizzati l'impatto delle tecnologie V2G sui sistemi distribuiti, i vantaggi, le sfide, i protocolli abilitanti e un metodo di controllo basato su blockchain. Nel primo capitolo sono stati discussi i vantaggi, le sfide ei sistemi di gestione. I veicoli elettrici potrebbero fungere da risorse energetiche di accumulo e fungere da riserva contro interruzioni impreviste se sono dotati di elettronica di potenza a bordo, connessione elettrica alla rete, controllo e comunicazione tra l'operatore di rete e sistemi di misurazione intelligenti. Con la cooperazione tra i gestori di rete, i proprietari dei veicoli e gli aggregatori, si è concluso che il concetto V2G può migliorare le prestazioni tecniche della rete in termini di efficienza, stabilità, affidabilità e dispacciamento della generazione realizzando il più alto rendimento netto possibile. L'interfaccia con la smart grid è stata analizzata nel terzo capitolo, Protocolli abilitanti. In questo capitolo sono state discusse le caratteristiche, le funzionalità e gli sviluppi futuri. Il protocollo di comunicazione ISO 15118 abilita le applicazioni V2G con l'introduzione della seconda edizione della ISO 15118 -2. Prendendo i casi d'uso descritti nel protocollo, possiamo presumere che il flusso di corrente inverso sarà abilitato nei luoghi in cui i veicoli elettrici sono collegati alla stazione di ricarica per un periodo di tempo più lungo, come depositi di autobus e parcheggi aziendali. Nell'ultimo capitolo sono state discusse le tecnologie di sviluppo necessarie per implementare il controllo del V2G. Una di queste tecnologie è il sistema Blockchain che può fornire in modo semplice e flessibile in termini di pagamento, fatturazione e controllo.
Enabling protocols and blockchain control for vehicle-to-grid systems
CÎRSTEA, IOANA
2020/2021
Abstract
In the present paper the impact of V2G technologies on distributed systems, advantages, challenges as well as enabling protocols and a control method based on blockchain were analyzed. In the first chapter, the advantages, challenges and management systems were discussed. EVs could serve as storage energy resources and act as a reserve against unexpected outages if they are equipped with on board power electronics, power connection to the grid, control and communication between the grid operator and smart metering systems. With cooperation between the grid operators, vehicle owners and aggregators, it was concluded that the V2G concept can improve the technical performance of the grid in terms of efficiency, stability, reliability and generation dispatch while realizing the highest possible net return. The interface with the smart grid was analyzed in the third chapter, Enabling protocols. In this chapter the features, functionality and future developments were discussed. ISO 15118 communication protocol enables V2G applications with the introduction of the second edition of ISO 15118 -2. Taking the use cases described in the protocol, we can assume that reverse power flow will be enabled at locations where the EVs are connected to the charging station for a longer period of time, such as bus depots and corporate parking spaces. In the last chapter, the developing technologies needed to implement the control of V2G were discussed. One of these technologies is the Blockchain system that can simply and provide flexibility in terms of payment, billing and control.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Enabling protocols and blockchain control for Vehicle-to-Grid systems.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/183902