This thesis work arises following the communication by the European Commission of 14 October 2020 of the strategy to be adopted within the European Union territories for the reduction of methane emissions. In fact, methane belongs to greenhouse gas family and it is one of the main causes of global warming and climate change. The paper therefore addresses these issues both at European and global level, with a particular focus on the contribution of methane emissions from the waste sector in EU. The EU strategies to be applied to this sector mainly concern landfilling of waste, since it is the main source of methane emissions from the waste sector and the second overall in Europe. A fundamental aspect that is taken into consideration in this paper are the methodologies for estimating emissions, used by each Member State for the compilation of its national inventory of greenhouse gases. The FOD methodology proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for the estimation of methane emissions from landfills is then illustrated. Specifically, the application of this methodology (model, parameters, activity data and estimated emissions) is analysed in the five EU Member States with the largest methane emissions, which are Italy, Spain, France, Germany and the United Kingdom (belonging to the EU until 2020). Finally, the FOD model for Italy is set up by using the activity data and the parameters of this country, in order to determine methane emissions from landfills in future years according to various hypothetical scenarios.
Il presente lavoro di tesi nasce in seguito alla comunicazione da parte della Commissione Europea del 14 ottobre 2020 della strategia da adottare all’interno dei territori dell’Unione Europea per la riduzione delle emissioni di metano. Infatti, il metano fa parte della famiglia dei gas ad effetto serra ed è uno dei principali responsabili del riscaldamento globale e dei cambiamenti climatici. L’elaborato affronta quindi queste tematiche sia a livello europeo che a livello globale, con un focus particolare al contributo delle emissioni di metano dal settore dei rifiuti nell’UE. Le strategie dell’UE da applicare a questo settore riguardano soprattutto lo smaltimento in discarica dei rifiuti, poiché è la fonte principale delle emissioni di metano dal settore rifiuti e la seconda complessivamente in Europa. Un aspetto fondamentale di cui viene tenuto conto sono le metodologie di stima delle emissioni, utilizzate da ciascuno Stato Membro per la compilazione del proprio inventario nazionale dei gas ad effetto serra. Viene quindi illustrata la metodologia FOD proposta dall’Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) nell’ambito della Convenzione quadro delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici (UNFCCC) per la stima delle emissioni di metano dalle discariche. Nello specifico viene analizzata l’applicazione di tale metodologia (modello, parametri, dati di attività ed emissioni stimate) nei cinque Stati Membri dell’UE con le maggiori emissioni di metano, ovvero Italia, Spagna, Francia, Germania e Regno Unito (appartenente all’EU fino al 2020). Infine, si imposta il modello FOD per l’Italia utilizzando i dati di attività e i parametri di questo paese, in modo da determinare le emissioni di metano dalle discariche negli anni futuri secondo diversi scenari ipotetici.
ANALYSIS OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ESTIMATION OF FUTURE EMISSIONS IN ITALY
Alloisio, Giovanni
2020/2021
Abstract
This thesis work arises following the communication by the European Commission of 14 October 2020 of the strategy to be adopted within the European Union territories for the reduction of methane emissions. In fact, methane belongs to greenhouse gas family and it is one of the main causes of global warming and climate change. The paper therefore addresses these issues both at European and global level, with a particular focus on the contribution of methane emissions from the waste sector in EU. The EU strategies to be applied to this sector mainly concern landfilling of waste, since it is the main source of methane emissions from the waste sector and the second overall in Europe. A fundamental aspect that is taken into consideration in this paper are the methodologies for estimating emissions, used by each Member State for the compilation of its national inventory of greenhouse gases. The FOD methodology proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for the estimation of methane emissions from landfills is then illustrated. Specifically, the application of this methodology (model, parameters, activity data and estimated emissions) is analysed in the five EU Member States with the largest methane emissions, which are Italy, Spain, France, Germany and the United Kingdom (belonging to the EU until 2020). Finally, the FOD model for Italy is set up by using the activity data and the parameters of this country, in order to determine methane emissions from landfills in future years according to various hypothetical scenarios.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2021_12_Alloisio.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/184025