In these last few decades, to reduce the CO2 emissions and therefore to slow down the climate changes, it is trying to limit or to reduce the energetic consumptions in any field of day-life. The on-wheel transportation field, because is one of the major CO2 emitter, is particularly interested into finding a solution to solve this issue. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of a phenomenon not enough studied yet in scientific literature, that is the effect of tire crushing and tire deformation on the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle. A tire deformation, due to its deflation or due to a variation of the load carried by the vehicle, creates a variation of the ride height of the vehicle itself. Also this ride height variation will be investigated too. The reason why it is important to study the aerodynamic interaction between the car and the wheels is that they are directly responsible of around 25% of the global drag and they also influence the flows that create the aerodynamic drag of the whole vehicle. At high speeds, such as ones that vehicles run on highways, the majority of the consumption is due to overcome the aerodynamic resistance, therefore an improvement of the aerodynamic efficiency involves a consumption reduction. The aerodynamics of a vehicle is a very complex field of study dominated by non-linear phenomenon, therefore also small details could generate differences of some percentage points on vehicle global resistance. The thesis is divided in a first introduction chapter in which are illustrated the differences between the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) mathematical models currently available in scientific literature, a model to calculate the vehicle consumptions and an overview about the parameters that currently drive the design of the suspension stiffness and the vehicle ride height. In the second chapter are showed the parameters used to setup the simulation with the reason of these choices. In the third chapter the results of the simulations are investigated in terms of residuals and aerodynamics forces on each component and their influence of the whole drag of the car. In the fourth chapter is stated a comparison of the fields of motion around the vehicle and the influence that the vehicle has on them for each simulated setup. In the fifth, and last, chapter the conclusions related to the effect of the tire deformation and the ride height variation on vehicle aerodynamic resistance are showed, therefore the effects on vehicle fuel consumption are showed too. Finally, in this last chapter are proposed also the possible future development for this subject of research.
In questi ultimi decenni, per ridurre le emissioni di CO2 e quindi rallentare il cambiamento climatico, si sta cercando di limitare o ridurre i consumi energetici in ogni ambito della vita quotidiana. Il settore dei trasporti su ruota, essendo uno dei principali emettitori di CO2, è particolarmente interessato a ricercare soluzioni per risolvere tale problema. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è, perciò, investigare gli effetti di un fenomeno ancora non molto studiato in letteratura scientifica, ovvero l’effetto dello schiacciamento e della deformazione dello pneumatico sulla resistenza aerodinamica del veicolo. Poiché una deformazione dello pneumatico, a seguito del suo sgonfiamento o a seguito di una variazione del carico trasportato dal veicolo, provoca una variazione d’altezza di guida del veicolo stesso, anch’essa verrà indagata. La ragione per cui è importante studiare l’interazione aerodinamica tra il mezzo e le ruote è che queste ultime generano direttamente circa il 25% del drag del veicolo e influenzano i flussi che producono la resistenza aerodinamica globale dell’ auto. Ad alte velocità, come quelle che i veicoli raggiungono in autostrada, la maggior parte dei consumi è dovuta al superamento della resistenza aerodinamica, perciò un miglioramento dell’efficienza fluidodinamica comporta un sensibile miglioramento dei consumi. L’aerodinamica di un veicolo è, inoltre, una materia molto complessa dominata da fenomeni fortemente non lineari, perciò anche piccoli dettagli possono provocare differenze di alcuni punti percentuali della resistenza aerodinamica globale. La tesi si articola in un primo capitolo introduttivo nel quale sono illustrate le differenze tra i modelli matematici di Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) attualmente disponibili nella letteratura scientifica, un modello per il calcolo dei consumi del veicolo e una panoramica sui parametri che attualmente guidano la progettazione delle rigidezze della sospensione e dell’altezza da terra del veicolo. Nel secondo capitolo sono presentati i parametri utilizzati per impostare le simulazioni con le relative motivazioni. Nel terzo capitolo sono investigati i risultati delle simulazioni in termini di analisi dei residui e analisi delle forze su ogni singolo componente e la sua influenza sul drag dell’intera auto. Nel quarto capitolo è riportata una comparazione dei campi di moto intorno al veicolo e l’influenza che la vettura ha su su di essi per ogni configurazione simulata. Nel quinto e ultimo capitolo sono presentate le conclusioni relative all’effetto che la deformazione dello pneumatico e la variazione dell’altezza del veicolo provocano sulla resistenza aerodinamica della vettura, quindi sui suoi consumi. Infine in quest’ultimo capitolo sono proposti i possibili sviluppi futuri di questa ricerca.
Effects of tire deformation and ride height variation on vehicle aerodynamic drag
TROMBELLA, FABIO
2020/2021
Abstract
In these last few decades, to reduce the CO2 emissions and therefore to slow down the climate changes, it is trying to limit or to reduce the energetic consumptions in any field of day-life. The on-wheel transportation field, because is one of the major CO2 emitter, is particularly interested into finding a solution to solve this issue. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of a phenomenon not enough studied yet in scientific literature, that is the effect of tire crushing and tire deformation on the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle. A tire deformation, due to its deflation or due to a variation of the load carried by the vehicle, creates a variation of the ride height of the vehicle itself. Also this ride height variation will be investigated too. The reason why it is important to study the aerodynamic interaction between the car and the wheels is that they are directly responsible of around 25% of the global drag and they also influence the flows that create the aerodynamic drag of the whole vehicle. At high speeds, such as ones that vehicles run on highways, the majority of the consumption is due to overcome the aerodynamic resistance, therefore an improvement of the aerodynamic efficiency involves a consumption reduction. The aerodynamics of a vehicle is a very complex field of study dominated by non-linear phenomenon, therefore also small details could generate differences of some percentage points on vehicle global resistance. The thesis is divided in a first introduction chapter in which are illustrated the differences between the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) mathematical models currently available in scientific literature, a model to calculate the vehicle consumptions and an overview about the parameters that currently drive the design of the suspension stiffness and the vehicle ride height. In the second chapter are showed the parameters used to setup the simulation with the reason of these choices. In the third chapter the results of the simulations are investigated in terms of residuals and aerodynamics forces on each component and their influence of the whole drag of the car. In the fourth chapter is stated a comparison of the fields of motion around the vehicle and the influence that the vehicle has on them for each simulated setup. In the fifth, and last, chapter the conclusions related to the effect of the tire deformation and the ride height variation on vehicle aerodynamic resistance are showed, therefore the effects on vehicle fuel consumption are showed too. Finally, in this last chapter are proposed also the possible future development for this subject of research.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
TESI_MAGISTRALE_TROMBELLA.pdf
Open Access dal 08/12/2022
Dimensione
5.19 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.19 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/184081