The thesis focuses on the current condition of Marrakech’s slums (Douars), seen as dangerous and unhealthy places separated from the city both physically and socially. These barriers are shaped primarily by stereotypes developed over time, which result in a view of these places as abandoned to their own devices and in constant conflict with the city’s policies. The clear detachment from the legislative and social dynamics of the city has also produced a problem of representation of Douars, caused by incomplete or even absent analyses, documents and research. Moreover, this situation influences popular discourse and thought: the lack of detailed mapping of them makes their identification, analysis and understanding difficult. There is a need to look at these settlements from another perspective, characterised by a collection of new ideas, analyses and research – known as subaltern urbanism - capable of theorising the dynamics of the megacity and its subaltern spaces and classes. Writing against apocalyptic and dystopian narratives of slums, subaltern urbanism provides accounts of them as dwelling, sustenance, selforganisation and politics: this is a priority and radical challenge to the current dominant narratives of Douars. Starting from this new point of departure, the VSB urban redevelopment programme in Marrakech has been taken as a case study, as the proposed approach is predisposed to work very well in these dynamics compared to the current programme which, on the contrary, will be inadequate and lacking in some of its points. From these analyses I will try to propose a new point of view for an alternative Douars approach, which considers urban planning as a participatory and inter-scalar process between city and slum dwellers. It is interesting to note that, starting from different researches and points of view, we always come to the formulation of the same research question: Can we consider slums as new prototypes of cities, like urban laboratories?
La tesi si concentra sulla condizione attuale delle baraccopoli di Marrakech (Douars), viste come luoghi pericolosi e malsani separati dalla citta sia fisicamente sia socialmente. Queste barriere sono plasmate soprattutto dagli stereotipi sviluppati nel tempo, che vanno a determinare una visione di questi luoghi come abbandonati e in costante conflitto con le politiche urbane ed “ufficiali”. Il netto distacco dalle dinamiche economiche e politiche formali della città ha prodotto anche un problema di rappresentazione di questi luoghi, causato da analisi, documenti e ricerche incomplete o, addirittura, assenti. Questa situazione, di conseguenza, condiziona anche il pubblico e l’immaginario popolare: la mancanza di una mappatura dettagliata degli stessi ne rende difficile la loro identificazione, analisi e, soprattutto, comprensione. Partendo da questa premessa, ho sentito l’esigenza di guardare a questi insediamenti da un’altra prospettiva, caratterizzata da una collezione di nuove idee, analisi e ricerche - che, in letteratura, fanno riferimento al concetto della urbanistica subalterna - in grado di rovesciare le teorizzazioni sulla megalopoli, i suoi spazi e classi subalterne. Contestando le narrazioni apocalittiche e distopiche delle baraccopoli, l’urbanistica subalterna fornisce resoconti di esse attraverso pratiche rigenerative e sperimentali relative all’abitare, al sostentamento, all’auto-organizzazione e alla produzione politica: questa e una sfida prioritaria e radicale alle attuali narrazioni dominanti delle Douars. Iniziando da questo nuovo punto di partenza, il programma di riqualificazione urbana VSB nella citta di Marrakech e stato preso come caso di studio, poiché l’approccio subalterno proposto e predisposto a funzionare molto bene in queste dinamiche rispetto al programma attuale che, al contrario, risulterà inadatto e carente in alcuni dei suoi punti. Da queste analisi cercherò di proporre un nuovo punto di vista per un approccio alternativo alle Douars, il quale considera la pianificazione urbana come un processo partecipativo e interscalare tra gli abitanti della città e delle baraccopoli. è interessante notare come, partendo da diverse ricerche e punti di vista, si arrivi sempre alla formulazione della medesima domanda di ricerca: Possiamo considerare gli slum come nuovi prototipi di città, tipo dei laboratori urbani?
Lean-to cities as urban laboratories. From the segregative urban planning of villes sans bidonvilles to a new narrative of Douars, in Marrakech
Mercatili, Greta
2021/2022
Abstract
The thesis focuses on the current condition of Marrakech’s slums (Douars), seen as dangerous and unhealthy places separated from the city both physically and socially. These barriers are shaped primarily by stereotypes developed over time, which result in a view of these places as abandoned to their own devices and in constant conflict with the city’s policies. The clear detachment from the legislative and social dynamics of the city has also produced a problem of representation of Douars, caused by incomplete or even absent analyses, documents and research. Moreover, this situation influences popular discourse and thought: the lack of detailed mapping of them makes their identification, analysis and understanding difficult. There is a need to look at these settlements from another perspective, characterised by a collection of new ideas, analyses and research – known as subaltern urbanism - capable of theorising the dynamics of the megacity and its subaltern spaces and classes. Writing against apocalyptic and dystopian narratives of slums, subaltern urbanism provides accounts of them as dwelling, sustenance, selforganisation and politics: this is a priority and radical challenge to the current dominant narratives of Douars. Starting from this new point of departure, the VSB urban redevelopment programme in Marrakech has been taken as a case study, as the proposed approach is predisposed to work very well in these dynamics compared to the current programme which, on the contrary, will be inadequate and lacking in some of its points. From these analyses I will try to propose a new point of view for an alternative Douars approach, which considers urban planning as a participatory and inter-scalar process between city and slum dwellers. It is interesting to note that, starting from different researches and points of view, we always come to the formulation of the same research question: Can we consider slums as new prototypes of cities, like urban laboratories?File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/185772