The industry is among the main energy-intensive and hard to decarbonize sectors. Industrial processes are currently responsible for 25% of energy consumption and 20% of total greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. In order to limit global warming and accomplish the ambitious European net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, radical changes to the current energy supply in the industrial sector are required. Heat pumps are recognized as potential key players in providing heat demand in the low-medium temperature range (up to 200°C). Indeed, heat pumps allow to improve the energy efficiency of industrial processes while simultaneously driving a switch from fossil fuels to renewable electricity as an energy source. In this Thesis project, the model of two-stage solar-assisted water to water heat pump is implemented in Matlab. The use of natural refrigerants acquired a considerable interest in recent years. Thus, after a preliminary investigation of suitable fluids for high-temperature heat pump applications, Butane has been selected as the refrigerant. The heat pump has been coupled with two different typologies of panels; photovoltaic-thermal modules and evacuated tubes collectors. This way, different production mechanisms can take place, allowing to study the interaction of those technologies over the annual production required by the selected industrial application. Additionally, also the impact of different storage sizes has been considered. Validation of actual components has been conducted according to the information provided by the manufacturers to build the final model. Afterward, all data related to the performances of the Heat pump have been matched with the potential production of different sets of panels. This way, the techno-economic feasibility of the SAHP system for a specific industrial application has been carried on. Results of several configurations have been analyzed. The best environmental performing solution shows that it is possible to reduce emissions by up to 85% with respect to the conventional gas-fired boiler scenario. The configuration associated with the best economic performances yields an internal rate of return of 12.7% at the expense of a lower reduction of pollutant gases emissions.
L’industria rientra tra i settori più energivori e complessi da decarbonizzare. In Europa, i processi industriali contribuiscono attualmente al 25% del consumo energetico e sono responsabili del 20% delle emissioni di gas riconducibili all’effetto serra. Dunque, al fine di limitare il riscaldamento climatico e raggiungere la neutralità carbonica entro il 2050, secondo l’ambizioso programma europeo ‘Net-Zero GHG emissions’, è necessario implementare cambiamenti radicali nella filiera energetica del settore industriale. Tramite l’utilizzo di pompe di calore è possibile migliorare l’efficienza energetica e contestualmente effettuare un’elettrificazione dei processi interessati, diminuendone così la dipendenza dai combustibili fossili. Inoltre, questa tecnologia è in grado di fornire potenza termica in un intervallo di temperature di processo medio-basse, potenzialmente fino ai 200°C. Nel presente lavoro di Tesi è stata modellata in Matlab una pompa di calore a doppio stadio ‘elio assistita’. In seguito a un’analisi preliminare relativa ai possibili fluidi di interesse, il butano è stato selezionato come refrigerante, anche in virtù del crescente interesse nei confronti dei refrigeranti naturali. Ciascun componente è stato validato singolarmente e sono state poi calcolate le mappe relative alle prestazioni della macchina. La pompa di calore è stata abbinata a due diverse tipologie di pannelli: moduli fotovoltaici-termici e collettori a tubi evacuati. Ciò ha permesso di analizzare tre diversi meccanismi di produzione, consentendo di studiare la sinergia tra la pompa di calore e il campo solare. Inoltre, è stato implementato anche un sistema di accumulo per studiare in che misura il sistema riesca a soddisfare la domanda termica del processo industriale selezionato come oggetto di studio. Un’analisi tecno-economica è stata condotta analizzando molteplici configurazioni. Tra queste, la migliore soluzione da un punto di vista ambientale permette di ridurre le emissioni del’85% rispetto all’utilizzo di una caldaia a gas naturale. D’altra parte, sul piano economico la configurazione più performante consente di ottenere un tasso di rendimento interno del 12.7%.
Techno-economic analysis of a two-stage solar assisted heat pump for pasteurization process
COZZO, TOMMASO
2020/2021
Abstract
The industry is among the main energy-intensive and hard to decarbonize sectors. Industrial processes are currently responsible for 25% of energy consumption and 20% of total greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. In order to limit global warming and accomplish the ambitious European net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, radical changes to the current energy supply in the industrial sector are required. Heat pumps are recognized as potential key players in providing heat demand in the low-medium temperature range (up to 200°C). Indeed, heat pumps allow to improve the energy efficiency of industrial processes while simultaneously driving a switch from fossil fuels to renewable electricity as an energy source. In this Thesis project, the model of two-stage solar-assisted water to water heat pump is implemented in Matlab. The use of natural refrigerants acquired a considerable interest in recent years. Thus, after a preliminary investigation of suitable fluids for high-temperature heat pump applications, Butane has been selected as the refrigerant. The heat pump has been coupled with two different typologies of panels; photovoltaic-thermal modules and evacuated tubes collectors. This way, different production mechanisms can take place, allowing to study the interaction of those technologies over the annual production required by the selected industrial application. Additionally, also the impact of different storage sizes has been considered. Validation of actual components has been conducted according to the information provided by the manufacturers to build the final model. Afterward, all data related to the performances of the Heat pump have been matched with the potential production of different sets of panels. This way, the techno-economic feasibility of the SAHP system for a specific industrial application has been carried on. Results of several configurations have been analyzed. The best environmental performing solution shows that it is possible to reduce emissions by up to 85% with respect to the conventional gas-fired boiler scenario. The configuration associated with the best economic performances yields an internal rate of return of 12.7% at the expense of a lower reduction of pollutant gases emissions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/186219