The hospital is an institutional infrastructure that aims to safeguard public health, through the provision of care and preventive services. The hospital building organization is structured through a succession of spaces and paths designed to ensure a functional and suitable response to the needs of the community to which it is addressed. Hospital activity evolves and progresses in relation to the contemporary economic, social and technological context, developing new systems for safeguarding public health. Therefore the hospital must be able to ensure adequate flexibility of spaces, equipment and systems, in order to be able to cope with an optimization of spaces taking into account the current health needs and their evolution in a short period. This flexible organization of the space must take into account above all the Emergency Department (PS), as this is one of the main access doors to healthcare. The PS is the area where the emergency-urgency demand is absorbed, taking on pathologies in most of the time-dependent cases and having to deal with a high amount of demand with access variability. Despite the massive influx of PS, the issue of overcrowding and the related waiting times still represent an unsolved problem on a national scale. This managerial management of the emergency room has become even more critical in the face of the global Covid-19 pandemic that spread at the beginning of 2020. The emergency was so sudden and unprecedented that it forced health centers to frequently change their lay-out trying to cope with the many accesses in PS. The very high contagion capacity of the virus is a factor that health workers have discovered in the field and therefore the response of hospitals has been severely tested by the numerous unexpected accesses, causing a gradual but rapid reorganization of the emergency rooms. Against this background, the objective of the research is to draw up meta-planning strategies for the future Post-Covid-19 Emergency Department. To do this, the state of the art inherent in the field of PS was investigated; that is: their evolution in history, establish the structural, organizational and technological requirements based on the national legislation in force and analyze from the spatial point of view, the macro-areas that make up the DPs and the internal and external relations of these health structures. Subsequently, the range of research was extended not only in the Italian national context, but also by considering countries such as Australia, UK, Canada and the USA, investigating the structural requirements of the DPs and any organizational-spatial strategies applied in response to the inconveniences caused. from the Covid-19 emergency. This critical comparison between different realities will be supported by the analysis of selected best practices at an international level that will allow us to summarize the common features and trends that have allowed the DPs to provide adequate care and avoid collapse during the pandemic period. Starting from this research phase, a qualitative investigation will be conducted and the consequent hypothesis of meta-design strategies to be applied to the new PS of the Milan Polyclinic, to make it Covid-Proof, seeing this involved in the front row in facing the pandemic, with the conversion of hospital areas into Covid-19 pavilions, formulating a new spatial diagram that is flexible and resilient.
L’ospedale è una infrastruttura istituzionale che ha come scopo la salvaguardia della salute pubblica, attraverso l’erogazione di cure e servizi di prevenzione. L’organismo edilizio ospedaliero si struttura attraverso un susseguirsi di spazi e percorsi studiati per garantire una risposta funzionale e idonea alle esigenze della collettività a cui si rivolge. L’attività ospedaliera si evolve e progredisce in rapporto al contesto economico, sociale e tecnologico contemporaneo, sviluppando nuovi sistemi di salvaguardia della salute pubblica. Pertanto l’ospedale deve essere in grado di garantire un’adeguata flessibilità degli spazi, delle attrezzature e degli impianti, per poter far fronte ad una ottimizzazione degli spazi tenendo conto delle esigenze sanitarie in atto e della loro evoluzione in un breve periodo. Questa organizzazione flessibile dello spazio deve tenere in considerazione soprattutto il Pronto Soccorso (PS), essendo questo una delle principali porte di accesso alla sanità. Il PS è quell’ambito dove viene assorbita la domanda di emergenza-urgenza, prendendo in carico patologie nella maggior parte dei casi tempo-dipendenti e dovendo fronteggiare un’elevata quantità di domanda con variabilità d’accesso. Nonostante il massiccio afflusso in PS la questione del sovraffollamento e i relativi tempi d’attesa rappresentano tutt’oggi a scala nazionale un problema non risolto. Questa gestione manageriale del pronto soccorso è divenuta ancora più critica a fronte della pandemia mondiale Covid-19 divulgatasi inizio 2020. L’emergenza è stata così improvvisa e senza precedenti che ha costretto i presidi sanitari a modificare di frequente il loro lay-out cercando di fronteggiare i tanti accessi in PS. L’altissima capacità di contagio del virus è un fattore che gli operatori sanitari hanno scoperto sul campo e pertanto la risposta dei presidi ospedalieri è stata messa a dura prova dai numerosi accessi inaspettati, causando una riorganizzazione in modo graduale, ma veloce dei PS. A fronte di questo contesto l’obiettivo della ricerca è stilare delle strategie metaprogettuali per il futuro Pronto Soccorso Post-Covid-19, per farlo si è indagato lo stato dell’arte, inerente all’ambito dei PS; ovvero: la loro evoluzione nella storia, stabilire i requisiti strutturali, organizzativi e tecnologici in base alla normativa nazionale vigente e analizzare dal punto di vista spaziale, le macro-aree che compongono i PS e le relazioni interne ed esterne di tali strutture sanitarie. Successivamente è stato ampliato il raggio di ricerca non solo in ambito nazionale italiano, ma andando a considerare anche paesi come Australia, UK, Canada e USA, indagando i requisiti strutturali dei PS ed eventuali strategie di tipo organizzativo-spaziale applicate in risposta ai disagi causati dall’emergenza Covid-19 . Questo confronto critico tra diverse realtà sarà supportato dall’analisi di selezionate best practices a livello internazionale che permetteranno di sintetizzare gli aspetti accomunanti e i trend che hanno permesso ai PS di erogare cure adeguate ed evitare il collasso nel periodo della pandemia. A partire da questa fase di ricerca si condurrà un’indagine qualitativa e la conseguente ipotesi di strategie meta-progettuali da applicare al nuovo PS del Policlinico di Milano, per renderlo Covid-Proof, vedendo questo coinvolto in prima fila nel fronteggiare la pandemia, con la riconversione di aree di ospedale, in padiglioni Covid-19, formulando un nuovo diagramma spaziale che sia flessibile e resiliente.
Il Pronto Soccorso post pandemia Covid-19. Strategie metaprogettuali per la definizione di nuovi layout funzionali
Rogari, Sara
2020/2021
Abstract
The hospital is an institutional infrastructure that aims to safeguard public health, through the provision of care and preventive services. The hospital building organization is structured through a succession of spaces and paths designed to ensure a functional and suitable response to the needs of the community to which it is addressed. Hospital activity evolves and progresses in relation to the contemporary economic, social and technological context, developing new systems for safeguarding public health. Therefore the hospital must be able to ensure adequate flexibility of spaces, equipment and systems, in order to be able to cope with an optimization of spaces taking into account the current health needs and their evolution in a short period. This flexible organization of the space must take into account above all the Emergency Department (PS), as this is one of the main access doors to healthcare. The PS is the area where the emergency-urgency demand is absorbed, taking on pathologies in most of the time-dependent cases and having to deal with a high amount of demand with access variability. Despite the massive influx of PS, the issue of overcrowding and the related waiting times still represent an unsolved problem on a national scale. This managerial management of the emergency room has become even more critical in the face of the global Covid-19 pandemic that spread at the beginning of 2020. The emergency was so sudden and unprecedented that it forced health centers to frequently change their lay-out trying to cope with the many accesses in PS. The very high contagion capacity of the virus is a factor that health workers have discovered in the field and therefore the response of hospitals has been severely tested by the numerous unexpected accesses, causing a gradual but rapid reorganization of the emergency rooms. Against this background, the objective of the research is to draw up meta-planning strategies for the future Post-Covid-19 Emergency Department. To do this, the state of the art inherent in the field of PS was investigated; that is: their evolution in history, establish the structural, organizational and technological requirements based on the national legislation in force and analyze from the spatial point of view, the macro-areas that make up the DPs and the internal and external relations of these health structures. Subsequently, the range of research was extended not only in the Italian national context, but also by considering countries such as Australia, UK, Canada and the USA, investigating the structural requirements of the DPs and any organizational-spatial strategies applied in response to the inconveniences caused. from the Covid-19 emergency. This critical comparison between different realities will be supported by the analysis of selected best practices at an international level that will allow us to summarize the common features and trends that have allowed the DPs to provide adequate care and avoid collapse during the pandemic period. Starting from this research phase, a qualitative investigation will be conducted and the consequent hypothesis of meta-design strategies to be applied to the new PS of the Milan Polyclinic, to make it Covid-Proof, seeing this involved in the front row in facing the pandemic, with the conversion of hospital areas into Covid-19 pavilions, formulating a new spatial diagram that is flexible and resilient.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/186546