The building sector accounts for up to nearly half of the final energy consumption in developed countries. Where a considerable amount of this energy is consumed by the HVAC system. Therefore, there is a remarkable energy-saving potential. Hospitals as commercial types of buildings, especially, consume a high amount of energy. Applying demand-controlled ventilation is one way to reduce the final use. It is important to note that the hospital’s needs for ventilation differ from those of other buildings. This work will identify and represent the results for adjusting demand-controlled ventilation in hospitals considering two specific cases. The University Hospital Aachen (UKA) and the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) are the cases for the scope of this work. Minimum requirements are also shown for this specified sector. Additionally, different methods and strategies are developed and simulated for some room usage types and then applied to a calibrated model. The strategies are developed for specific room usage types of regular care room, isolation care room, office, and consulting and treatment room and then simulated. Therefore, a discussion over the results of the simulation is provided as well. To avoid legal risks for the operation of the HVAC systems in hospitals, standards, and guidelines must be followed. These include national and international ones for our case. Supply air volume flow rate and room air temperature are the main control variables. By applying demand-controlled ventilation, the supply air will be adjusted for the occupancy as the current demand in the room. This is calculated by measuring the CO2 concentration inside the area as an indication for occupancy detection. Lastly, an economic assessment and a study over the influence of occupancy difference in energy consumption are provided. The results for simulated strategies and economic analysis show a notable amount of energy-saving, as well as financial benefits, in all room usage types.
Il settore edile rappresenta quasi la metà del consumo finale di energia nei paesi sviluppati. Dove una quantità considerevole di questa energia viene consumata dal sistema HVAC. Pertanto, esiste un notevole potenziale di risparmio energetico. Gli ospedali come tipi di edifici commerciali, in particolare, consumano un'elevata quantità di energia. L'applicazione della ventilazione controllata dalla domanda è un modo per ridurre l'uso finale. È importante notare che le esigenze di ventilazione dell'ospedale differiscono da quelle di altri edifici. Questo lavoro identificherà e rappresenterà i risultati per l'adeguamento della ventilazione controllata dalla domanda negli ospedali considerando due casi specifici. L'University Hospital Aachen (UKA) e l'Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) sono i casi oggetto di questo lavoro. I requisiti minimi sono indicati anche per questo settore specifico. Inoltre, diversi metodi e strategie vengono sviluppati e simulati per alcuni tipi di utilizzo della stanza e quindi applicati a un modello calibrato. Le strategie vengono sviluppate per specifici tipi di utilizzo della stanza di stanza di cura regolare, stanza di isolamento, ufficio e stanza di consulenza e trattamento e quindi simulate. Pertanto, viene fornita anche una discussione sui risultati della simulazione. Per evitare rischi legali per il funzionamento dei sistemi HVAC negli ospedali, è necessario seguire gli standard e le linee guida. Questi includono quelli nazionali e internazionali per il nostro caso. La portata volumetrica dell'aria di mandata e la temperatura dell'aria ambiente sono le principali variabili di controllo. Applicando la ventilazione controllata dalla domanda, l'aria di mandata sarà adattata all'occupazione come richiesta attuale nella stanza. Questo viene calcolato misurando la concentrazione di CO2 all'interno dell'area come indicazione per il rilevamento dell'occupazione. Infine, viene fornita una valutazione economica e uno studio sull'influenza della differenza di occupazione sul consumo energetico. I risultati delle strategie simulate e dell'analisi economica mostrano un notevole risparmio energetico, oltre a vantaggi finanziari, in tutti i tipi di utilizzo delle stanze.
Development and evaluation of demand-controlled ventilation strategies for hospitals
Rashidpour, Navid
2020/2021
Abstract
The building sector accounts for up to nearly half of the final energy consumption in developed countries. Where a considerable amount of this energy is consumed by the HVAC system. Therefore, there is a remarkable energy-saving potential. Hospitals as commercial types of buildings, especially, consume a high amount of energy. Applying demand-controlled ventilation is one way to reduce the final use. It is important to note that the hospital’s needs for ventilation differ from those of other buildings. This work will identify and represent the results for adjusting demand-controlled ventilation in hospitals considering two specific cases. The University Hospital Aachen (UKA) and the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) are the cases for the scope of this work. Minimum requirements are also shown for this specified sector. Additionally, different methods and strategies are developed and simulated for some room usage types and then applied to a calibrated model. The strategies are developed for specific room usage types of regular care room, isolation care room, office, and consulting and treatment room and then simulated. Therefore, a discussion over the results of the simulation is provided as well. To avoid legal risks for the operation of the HVAC systems in hospitals, standards, and guidelines must be followed. These include national and international ones for our case. Supply air volume flow rate and room air temperature are the main control variables. By applying demand-controlled ventilation, the supply air will be adjusted for the occupancy as the current demand in the room. This is calculated by measuring the CO2 concentration inside the area as an indication for occupancy detection. Lastly, an economic assessment and a study over the influence of occupancy difference in energy consumption are provided. The results for simulated strategies and economic analysis show a notable amount of energy-saving, as well as financial benefits, in all room usage types.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/186776