The pandemic, which is hopefully coming to an end, has highlighted the existing inequities in access and performance of Internet connection services. Suddenly a good and stable internet connection became indispensable for daily activities: education was substituted by e-learning, work has become remote and even social activities switched to an online form. Italy has set up a plan to improve accessibility and performance of Internet con nection services, following the directives of European Union. This thesis work aims at identifying the up-to-date state of fixed network connection services in Italy, thanks to the data from the most popular internet service providers Tim, OpenFiber and Fastweb. Through the comparison of expected data and actual data retrieved from Ookla speedtest open data initiative, we discovered that on average, the difference between the two data is 39 Mbps, while the median is 19 Mbps. The analysis considered also the characteristics of Italian cities given by ISTAT, which identifies cities based on their size (cities, small towns, rural areas) and by their geographic location (mountainous areas, hilly areas, flat areas). Thanks to ISTAT open data, we were able to get a dataset containing information about average income per taxpayers in each Italian city. The study reveals that, even though there is not a strict correlation between average income and Internet connection performance, there is a difference in percentage of addresses covered by Internet connection services in 8 out of 20 Italian regions. This ratio becomes even higher in regions of Northern Italy, where 5 out of 8 regions conformed to the test. Same thing happens for cities compared to rural areas, where in 11 regions we discovered a disparity in percentage of covered addresses. Also in this case, most of the conforming regions belong to Northern Italy where in 7 out of 8 regions we discovered inequities in percentage of covered addresses between cities and rural areas.
La diffusione della pandemia che, si auspica stia raggiungendo il termine, ha evidenziato le differenze esistenti in accesso ai servizi di connettività Internet e relativa perfomance. Improvvisamente una connessione veloce e stabile è diventata indispensabile per le attività quotidiane: l’istruzione tradizionale è stata sostituita dalla didattica a distanza, il lavoro si è convertito in remote working e persino le occasioni di convivialità si sono tenute on line. Lo stato Italiano ha previsto un piano di miglioramento dell’infrastruttura di accesso alle reti Internet, seguendo le direttive imposte dall’Unione Europea. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è di delineare lo stato corrente della connettività fissa grazie ai dati di 3 diffusi providers Tim, OpenFiber e Fastweb. L’analisi dei dati relativi alla velocità attesa forniti dai providers, comparata con la ve locità effettiva ricavata dai dati pubblici diffusi tramite l’iniziativa Ookla speedtest OpenData, ha rivelato che il discostamento medio di questi due valori è di 30 Mbps, mentre la mediana è di 19 Mbps. L’analisi ha inoltre considerato le caratteristiche del territorio Italiano identificate dall’ISTAT, che divide le città in base alla loro dimensione, classificandole in città, piccoli paesi e aree rurali, e in base alla loro posizione geografica, classificandole in aree montuose, aree col linari e aree pianeggianti. Grazie all’iniziativa Open data dell’Istituto Nazionale di Sta tistica (ISTAT), è stato possibile ottenere dati relativi al reddito medio dei contribuenti per città. Il lavoro svolto indica che, nonostante non sia presente una stretta correlazione tra reddito medio e performance della connessione Internet, c’è una differenza nella per centuale di indirizzi coperti da servizi Internet in 8 regioni su 20. Questa percentuale diventa addirittura maggiore considerando le regioni del Nord Italia, dove 5 regioni su 8 sono conformi al test. La medesima situazione si verifica considerando la distinzione tra città e aree rurali, in cui in 11 regioni abbiamo riscontrato una disparità nella copertura degli indirizzi. Anche in questo caso, la maggior parte delle regioni che validano il test si trova in Nord Italia, dove in 7 regioni su 8 è dimostrata la disuguaglianza di copertura di servizi per la connessione Internet tra città e aree rurali.
Large-scale analysis of broadband Internet connection performance in Italy
Gigante, Dora
2020/2021
Abstract
The pandemic, which is hopefully coming to an end, has highlighted the existing inequities in access and performance of Internet connection services. Suddenly a good and stable internet connection became indispensable for daily activities: education was substituted by e-learning, work has become remote and even social activities switched to an online form. Italy has set up a plan to improve accessibility and performance of Internet con nection services, following the directives of European Union. This thesis work aims at identifying the up-to-date state of fixed network connection services in Italy, thanks to the data from the most popular internet service providers Tim, OpenFiber and Fastweb. Through the comparison of expected data and actual data retrieved from Ookla speedtest open data initiative, we discovered that on average, the difference between the two data is 39 Mbps, while the median is 19 Mbps. The analysis considered also the characteristics of Italian cities given by ISTAT, which identifies cities based on their size (cities, small towns, rural areas) and by their geographic location (mountainous areas, hilly areas, flat areas). Thanks to ISTAT open data, we were able to get a dataset containing information about average income per taxpayers in each Italian city. The study reveals that, even though there is not a strict correlation between average income and Internet connection performance, there is a difference in percentage of addresses covered by Internet connection services in 8 out of 20 Italian regions. This ratio becomes even higher in regions of Northern Italy, where 5 out of 8 regions conformed to the test. Same thing happens for cities compared to rural areas, where in 11 regions we discovered a disparity in percentage of covered addresses. Also in this case, most of the conforming regions belong to Northern Italy where in 7 out of 8 regions we discovered inequities in percentage of covered addresses between cities and rural areas.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/187801