The thesis project is part of a project for the definition of an experimental set-up for the quantification of functional limitation of obese subjects using inertial wearable systems and was carried out at the laboratory of motion analysis "Luigi Divieti" of the Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with the Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia. Specifically, in this thesis work the focus was on the definition of the experimental set- up and its validation using the optoelectronic system, considered the gold standard in motion capture, on a group of control subjects. In this study, data were acquired from 29 individuals, both men and women, without previous pathologies, aged 20 to 30 years by means of an optoelectronic system and inertial system; the analysis was then conducted on 11 subjects. The experimental set-up has provided for the execution of a large number of movements: maintaining an upright posture, walking, gait termination, torsion, bending of the torso both frontal and lateral, lifting of frontal and lateral arms both right and left, getting up and sitting down from a chair, lifting a weight from the ground (box with weights inside), ascent and descent from a step and reaching movement with the upper limb of an object. Specifically, in this thesis work, we focused on movements related to the upper limb, namely: frontal and lateral arm raising. After acquiring and processing the tests, both for data obtained with optoelectronic system and inertial system, algorithms have been implemented to identify and calculate kinematic parameters to characterize the movement. Kinematic parameters are the joint angles and their respective ranges of motion, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of each repetition. Finally, validation was carried out by means of appropriate statistical analysis. The comparison results obtained show significant differences due to a small number of subjects analyzed and to a number of differences between the two analysis systems; in fact, the wearable system implements a kinematic model with several a pre-defined constraints that may affect the estimation of the relative rotations of the different body segments, reducing the overall excursion of the joint angles. This could have caused the presence of offsets in the graphs between the various axes of flexion/extension, intra/extra rotation and abdo/adduction and a slightly different range of motion. However, on a qualitative level the graphs obtained are comparable and the curves obtained in both cases fully represent the motion performed. In conclusion, it must be kept in mind that this was a preliminary survey focused on the analysis of healthy subjects, but that in the future it will develop towards the study of obese subjects and the consequent validation of the inertial system for this type of analysis. Therefore, during the course of the project, adjustments were made taking into account this future study.
Il progetto di tesi si colloca nell’ambito di un progetto per la definizione di un set-up sperimentale per la quantificazione della limitazione funzionale di soggetti obesi utilizzando sistemi inerziali indossabili ed è stato svolto presso il laboratorio di analisi del movimento “Luigi Divieti” del Politecnico di Milano, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione dell’Università degli Studi di Brescia. Nello specifico, in questo lavoro di tesi ci si è focalizzati sulla definizione del set-up sperimentale e alla sua validazione utilizzando il sistema optoelettronico, considerato il gold standard nell’ambito del motion capture, su un gruppo di soggetti di controllo. In questo studio sono stati acquisiti i dati di 29 individui, uomini e donne, senza patologie pregresse di età compresa tra i 20 e i 30 anni mediante sistema optoelettronico e sistema inerziale; l’analisi è stata poi condotta su 11 soggetti. Il set-up sperimentale ha previsto l’esecuzione di un numero importante di movimenti: mantenimento della postura eretta, cammino, gait termination, torsione, flessione del busto sia frontale che laterale, alzata di braccio frontale e laterale sia destra che sinistra, alzarsi e sedersi da una sedia, il sollevamento da terra di un peso (cassa con all’interno dei pesi), salita e discesa da un gradino e movimento di reaching con arto superiore di un oggetto. Nello specifico, in questo lavoro di tesi, si è focalizzata l’attenzione sui movimenti relativi all’arto superiore, cioè: alzata di braccio frontale e laterale. Dopo aver acquisito ed effettuato l’elaborazione delle prove, sia relativamente ai dati ottenuti con sistema optoelettronico, sia con sistema inerziale, sono stati implementati degli algoritmi per l’identificazione e il calcolo di parametri cinematici atti a caratterizzare il movimento. Per parametri cinematici si intendono gli angoli articolari e i rispettivi range of motion, calcolati come differenza tra i valori massimi e minimi di ogni ripetizione. Infine, è stata condotta la validazione mediante opportuna analisi statistica. I risultati di confronto ottenuti presentano differenze significative a causa di una scarsa quantità di soggetti analizzati e ad una serie di differenze tra i due sistemi di analisi; infatti, il sistema indossabile implementa un modello cinematico con diversi vincoli definiti a priori che possono inficiare sulla stima delle rotazioni relative dei diversi segmenti corporei, riducendo l’escursione complessiva degli angoli articolari. Questo potrebbe aver provocato la presenza di offset nei grafici tra i vari assi di flesso/estensione, intra/extra rotazione e abdo/adduzione e un range of motion leggermente diverso. Tuttavia, a livello qualitativo i grafici ottenuti sono confrontabili e le curve ottenute in entrambi i casi rappresentano a pieno il movimento eseguito. In conclusione, bisogna tenere in considerazione che questa è stata un’indagine preliminare incentrata sull’analisi di soggetti sani, ma che in futuro si svilupperà verso lo studio di soggetti obesi e la conseguente validazione del sistema inerziale per questo tipo di analisi. Quindi nel corso del progetto sono stati presi degli accorgimenti tenendo conto di questo studio futuro.
Definition and implementation of an experimental set-up using inertial measurement units for motion analysis
Najafi, Alessandro;PETRACHI, GIULIA
2020/2021
Abstract
The thesis project is part of a project for the definition of an experimental set-up for the quantification of functional limitation of obese subjects using inertial wearable systems and was carried out at the laboratory of motion analysis "Luigi Divieti" of the Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with the Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia. Specifically, in this thesis work the focus was on the definition of the experimental set- up and its validation using the optoelectronic system, considered the gold standard in motion capture, on a group of control subjects. In this study, data were acquired from 29 individuals, both men and women, without previous pathologies, aged 20 to 30 years by means of an optoelectronic system and inertial system; the analysis was then conducted on 11 subjects. The experimental set-up has provided for the execution of a large number of movements: maintaining an upright posture, walking, gait termination, torsion, bending of the torso both frontal and lateral, lifting of frontal and lateral arms both right and left, getting up and sitting down from a chair, lifting a weight from the ground (box with weights inside), ascent and descent from a step and reaching movement with the upper limb of an object. Specifically, in this thesis work, we focused on movements related to the upper limb, namely: frontal and lateral arm raising. After acquiring and processing the tests, both for data obtained with optoelectronic system and inertial system, algorithms have been implemented to identify and calculate kinematic parameters to characterize the movement. Kinematic parameters are the joint angles and their respective ranges of motion, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of each repetition. Finally, validation was carried out by means of appropriate statistical analysis. The comparison results obtained show significant differences due to a small number of subjects analyzed and to a number of differences between the two analysis systems; in fact, the wearable system implements a kinematic model with several a pre-defined constraints that may affect the estimation of the relative rotations of the different body segments, reducing the overall excursion of the joint angles. This could have caused the presence of offsets in the graphs between the various axes of flexion/extension, intra/extra rotation and abdo/adduction and a slightly different range of motion. However, on a qualitative level the graphs obtained are comparable and the curves obtained in both cases fully represent the motion performed. In conclusion, it must be kept in mind that this was a preliminary survey focused on the analysis of healthy subjects, but that in the future it will develop towards the study of obese subjects and the consequent validation of the inertial system for this type of analysis. Therefore, during the course of the project, adjustments were made taking into account this future study.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI.pdf
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Descrizione: DEFINITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP USING INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS FOR MOTION ANALYSIS
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Executive_Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: DEFINITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP USING INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS FOR MOTION ANALYSIS
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/187973